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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2023, 12(12): 2300-2314 https://doi.org/10.26599/JAC.2023.9220821
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 02 January 2024

Synergically improved energy storage performance and stability in sol–gel processed BaTiO3/(Pb,La,Ca)TiO3/BaTiO3 tri-layer films with a crystalline engineered sandwich structure

Show Author's Information Jinpeng Liua,†,  Ying Wanga,†,  Hanfei Zhua( ),  Hongyu Luoa,  Xiao Zhaib,  Yu Huanc,  Jing Yand,  Kun Wange,  Chao Liua,  Hongbo Chenga,  Jun Ouyanga,f( )
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co., Ltd., Jinan 250014, China
Key Laboratory of Key Film Materials & Application for Equipments (Hunan Province), Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China

† Jinpeng Liu and Ying Wang contributed equally to this work.

Keywords:
stability, energy storage, nanocrystal cluster, amorphous structure, sandwich film
Cite this article:
Liu J, Wang Y, Zhu H, et al. Synergically improved energy storage performance and stability in sol–gel processed BaTiO3/(Pb,La,Ca)TiO3/BaTiO3 tri-layer films with a crystalline engineered sandwich structure. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2023, 12(12): 2300-2314. https://doi.org/10.26599/JAC.2023.9220821
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Achieving an excellent energy storage performance, together with high cycling reliability, is desirable for expanding technological applications of ferroelectric dielectrics. However, in well-crystallized ferroelectric materials, the concomitant high polarizability and low polarization-saturation field have led to a square-shaped polarization–electric field loop, fatally impairing both recoverable energy density (Wrec) and efficiency (η). Nanocrystalline ferroelectric films with a macroscopically amorphous structure have shown an improved Wrec and η, but their much lower polarizability demands an extremely high electric field to achieve such performances, which is undesirable from an economic viewpoint. Here, we propose a strategy to boost the energy storage performances and stability of ferroelectric capacitors simultaneously by constructing a tri-layer film in which a well-crystallized ferroelectric layer was sandwiched by two pseudo-linear dielectric layers with a dominant amorphous structure. In sol–gel-derived BaTiO3/(Pb,La,Ca)TiO3/BaTiO3 (BTO/PLCT/BTO) tri-layer films, we show that the above design is realized via rapid thermal annealing which fully crystallized the middle PLCT layer while left the top/bottom BTO cap layers in a poor crystallization status. This sandwiched structure is endowed with an enhanced maximum polarization while a small remnant one and a much-delayed polarization saturation, which corresponds to large Wrec ≈ 80 J/cm3 and high η ≈ 86%. Furthermore, the film showed an outstanding cycling stability: its Wrec and η remain essentially unchanged after 109 electric cycles (ΔW/W < 4%, Δη/η < 2%). These good energy storage characteristics have proved the effectiveness of our proposed strategy, paving a way for the utilization of sandwiched films in applications of electric power systems and advanced pulsed-discharge devices.


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Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Synergically improved energy storage performance and stability in sol–gel processed BaTiO3/(Pb,La,Ca)TiO3/BaTiO3 tri-layer films with a crystalline engineered sandwich structure

Show Author's information Jinpeng Liua,†, Ying Wanga,†, Hanfei Zhua( ), Hongyu Luoa, Xiao Zhaib, Yu Huanc, Jing Yand, Kun Wange, Chao Liua, Hongbo Chenga, Jun Ouyanga,f( )
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co., Ltd., Jinan 250014, China
Key Laboratory of Key Film Materials & Application for Equipments (Hunan Province), Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China

† Jinpeng Liu and Ying Wang contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

Achieving an excellent energy storage performance, together with high cycling reliability, is desirable for expanding technological applications of ferroelectric dielectrics. However, in well-crystallized ferroelectric materials, the concomitant high polarizability and low polarization-saturation field have led to a square-shaped polarization–electric field loop, fatally impairing both recoverable energy density (Wrec) and efficiency (η). Nanocrystalline ferroelectric films with a macroscopically amorphous structure have shown an improved Wrec and η, but their much lower polarizability demands an extremely high electric field to achieve such performances, which is undesirable from an economic viewpoint. Here, we propose a strategy to boost the energy storage performances and stability of ferroelectric capacitors simultaneously by constructing a tri-layer film in which a well-crystallized ferroelectric layer was sandwiched by two pseudo-linear dielectric layers with a dominant amorphous structure. In sol–gel-derived BaTiO3/(Pb,La,Ca)TiO3/BaTiO3 (BTO/PLCT/BTO) tri-layer films, we show that the above design is realized via rapid thermal annealing which fully crystallized the middle PLCT layer while left the top/bottom BTO cap layers in a poor crystallization status. This sandwiched structure is endowed with an enhanced maximum polarization while a small remnant one and a much-delayed polarization saturation, which corresponds to large Wrec ≈ 80 J/cm3 and high η ≈ 86%. Furthermore, the film showed an outstanding cycling stability: its Wrec and η remain essentially unchanged after 109 electric cycles (ΔW/W < 4%, Δη/η < 2%). These good energy storage characteristics have proved the effectiveness of our proposed strategy, paving a way for the utilization of sandwiched films in applications of electric power systems and advanced pulsed-discharge devices.

Keywords: stability, energy storage, nanocrystal cluster, amorphous structure, sandwich film

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Publication history

Received: 10 August 2023
Revised: 14 October 2023
Accepted: 18 October 2023
Published: 02 January 2024
Issue date: December 2023

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© The Author(s) 2023.

Acknowledgements

The authors are deeply grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant Nos. 52002192, 51772175, 52072150), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant Nos. ZR2020QE042, ZR2022ZD39, ZR2022ME031, ZR2022ME075, ZR2022QB138), and the Science, Education and Industry Integration Pilot Projects of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) (Grant Nos. 2022PY055, 2022GH018). Jun Ouyang acknowledges the support from the Jinan City Science and Technology Bureau (Grant No. 2021GXRC055), and the Education Department of Hunan Province/Xiangtan University (Grant No. KZ0807969), as well as the Seed Funding for Top Talents at Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences).

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