Journal Home > Volume 12 , Issue 11
Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2023, 12(11): 2003-2016 https://doi.org/10.26599/JAC.2023.9220803
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 21 November 2023

Tensile strength and damage of open-cell ceramic foams under cylindrical splitting test

Show Author's Information Yajie Daia,b( ),  Jana Hubálkováb,  Claudia Voigtb,  Martin Abendrothc,  Xiong Lianga,d,  Wen Yana,d,  Yawei Lia,d,  Christos G. Anezirisb
State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
Institute of Ceramics, Refractories and Composite Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg 09599, Germany
Institute of Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics, TU Bergakademie, Freiberg, Freiberg 09599, Germany
National–provincial Joint Engineering Research Center of High Temperature Materials and Lining Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
Keywords:
structural parameters, mechanical behavior, cylindrical splitting test, alumina ceramic foams, digital image correlation
Cite this article:
Dai Y, Hubálková J, Voigt C, et al. Tensile strength and damage of open-cell ceramic foams under cylindrical splitting test. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2023, 12(11): 2003-2016. https://doi.org/10.26599/JAC.2023.9220803
Download citation
EndNote(RIS)
BibTeX

1139

Views

275

Downloads

Citations

0

Crossref

0

WoS

0

Scopus

0

CSCD

Abstract Full text About this article

To widen the understanding of tensile failure of reticulated ceramic foams and expand the available mechanical method, a cylindrical splitting test is developed in the present study based on alumina open-cell foams of three different pore densities. The biaxial method is validated by characterization of mechanical parameters, and the in-situ fracture process is validated by a digital image correlation, followed by a formula correction for effective tensile strength with consideration of discrete crack paths. For experimental setup curved loading platens, compliant pad and intermediate quasi-static loading rate are proposed for guaranteeing tensile failure under a radial compressive load. Tensile strength, fracture energy, and brittleness increase with the foam pore density, and the fracture behavior is a balanced result of materials and foam structural support strength. An analytical model of splitting tensile strength with structural parameters is derived, which implies its dependence on cell size and critical stress intensity factor of strut materials.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

Tensile strength and damage of open-cell ceramic foams under cylindrical splitting test

Show Author's information Yajie Daia,b( ), Jana Hubálkováb, Claudia Voigtb, Martin Abendrothc, Xiong Lianga,d, Wen Yana,d, Yawei Lia,d, Christos G. Anezirisb
State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
Institute of Ceramics, Refractories and Composite Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg 09599, Germany
Institute of Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics, TU Bergakademie, Freiberg, Freiberg 09599, Germany
National–provincial Joint Engineering Research Center of High Temperature Materials and Lining Technology, Wuhan 430081, China

Abstract

To widen the understanding of tensile failure of reticulated ceramic foams and expand the available mechanical method, a cylindrical splitting test is developed in the present study based on alumina open-cell foams of three different pore densities. The biaxial method is validated by characterization of mechanical parameters, and the in-situ fracture process is validated by a digital image correlation, followed by a formula correction for effective tensile strength with consideration of discrete crack paths. For experimental setup curved loading platens, compliant pad and intermediate quasi-static loading rate are proposed for guaranteeing tensile failure under a radial compressive load. Tensile strength, fracture energy, and brittleness increase with the foam pore density, and the fracture behavior is a balanced result of materials and foam structural support strength. An analytical model of splitting tensile strength with structural parameters is derived, which implies its dependence on cell size and critical stress intensity factor of strut materials.

Keywords: structural parameters, mechanical behavior, cylindrical splitting test, alumina ceramic foams, digital image correlation

References(44)

[1]
Liang X, Wan FH, Li YW, et al. The enhanced thermal shock resistance and combustion efficiency of SiC reticulated porous ceramics via the construction of multi-layer coating. Ceram Int 2023, 49: 9097–9103.
DOI Google Scholar
[2]
Wang LY, An LQ, Zhao J, et al. High-strength porous alumina ceramics prepared from stable wet foams. J Adv Ceram 2021, 10: 852–859.
DOI Google Scholar
[3]
Wen QB, Qu FM, Yu ZJ, et al. Si-based polymer-derived ceramics for energy conversion and storage. J Adv Ceram 2022, 11: 197–246.
DOI Google Scholar
[4]
Chen SL, Wang L, He G, et al. Microstructure and properties of porous Si3N4 ceramics by gel casting-self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). J Adv Ceram 2022, 11: 172–183.
DOI Google Scholar
[5]
Herdering A, Abendroth M, Gehre P, et al. Additive manufactured polyamide foams with periodic grid as templates for the production of functional coated carbon-bonded alumina foam filters. Ceram Int 2019, 45: 153–159.
DOI Google Scholar
[6]
Wetzig T, Schmidt A, Dudczig S, et al. Carbon-bonded alumina spaghetti filters by alginate-based robo gel casting. Adv Eng Mater 2020, 22: 1900657.
DOI Google Scholar
[7]
Abendroth M, Werzner E, Settgast C, et al. An approach toward numerical investigation of the mechanical behavior of ceramic foams during metal melt filtration processes. Adv Eng Mater 2017, 19: 1700080.
DOI Google Scholar
[8]
Yang J, Wang XH, Jiang M, et al. Effect of calcium treatment on non-metallic inclusions in ultra-low oxygen steel refined by high basicity high Al2O3 slag. J Iron Steel Res Int 2011, 18: 8–14.
DOI Google Scholar
[9]
Fritzsch R, Kennedy MW, Bakken JA, et al. Electromagnetic priming of ceramic foam filters (CFF) for liquid aluminum filtration. In: Light Metals 2013. Sadler BA, Ed. Springer, 2013: 973–979.
DOI
[10]
Jankovský O, Storti E, Moritz K, et al. Nano-functionalization of carbon-bonded alumina using graphene oxide and MWCNTs. J Eur Ceram Soc 2018, 38: 4732–4738.
DOI Google Scholar
[11]
Voigt C, Hubálková J, Ditscherlein L, et al. Characterization of reticulated ceramic foams with mercury intrusion porosimetry and mercury probe atomic force microscopy. Ceram Int 2018, 44: 22963–22975.
DOI Google Scholar
[12]
Brehm S, Himcinschi C, Kraus J, et al. Raman spectroscopic characterization of environmentally friendly binder systems for carbon-bonded filters. Adv Eng Mater 2022, 24: 2100544.
DOI Google Scholar
[13]
Schwartzwalder K, Somers AV. Method of making porous ceramic articles. U.S. patent 3 090 094, Mar. 1963.
[14]
Zielke H, Wetzig T, Himcinschi C, et al. Influence of carbon content and coking temperature on the biaxial flexural strength of carbon-bonded alumina at elevated temperatures. Carbon 2020, 159: 324–332.
DOI Google Scholar
[15]
Jelitto H, Hackbarth F, Özcoban H, et al. Automated control of stable crack growth for R-curve measurements in brittle materials. Exp Mech 2013, 53: 163–170.
DOI Google Scholar
[16]
Gibson LJ, Ashby MF. Cellular Solids: Structure and Properties, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
DOI
[17]
D’Angelo C, Ortona A, Colombo P. Finite element analysis of reticulated ceramics under compression. Acta Mater 2012, 60: 6692–6702.
DOI Google Scholar
[18]
Ashby MF, Mehl Medalist RF. The mechanical properties of cellular solids. Metall Trans A 1983, 14: 1755–1769.
DOI Google Scholar
[19]
Meille S, Lombardi M, Chevalier J, et al. Mechanical properties of porous ceramics in compression: On the transition between elastic, brittle, and cellular behavior. J Eur Ceram Soc 2012, 32: 3959–3967.
DOI Google Scholar
[20]
Fey T, Betke U, Rannabauer S, et al. Reticulated replica ceramic foams: Processing, functionalization, and characterization. Adv Eng Mater 2017, 19: 1700369.
DOI Google Scholar
[21]
Morgan JS, Wood JL, Bradt RC. Cell size effects on the strength of foamed glass. Mater Sci Eng 1981, 47: 37–42.
DOI Google Scholar
[22]
Dam CQ, Brezny R, Green DJ. Compressive behavior and deformation-mode map of an open cell alumina. J Mater Res 1990, 5: 163–171.
DOI Google Scholar
[23]
Brezny R, Green DJ. The effect of cell size on the mechanical behavior of cellular materials. Acta Metall Mater 1990, 38: 2517–2526.
DOI Google Scholar
[24]
Winter W. Strukturphänomene bei der biegung mit stoffmodellen der kontinuierlichen schädigung. Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 1994, 74: T192–T195.
Google Scholar
[25]
Grabenhorst J, Luchini B, Fruhstorfer J, et al. Influence of the measurement method and sample dimensions on the Young’s modulus of open porous alumina foam structures. Ceram Int 2019, 45: 5987–5995.
DOI Google Scholar
[26]
Seeber BSM, Gonzenbach UT, Gauckler LJ. Mechanical properties of highly porous alumina foams. J Mater Res 2013, 28: 2281–2287.
DOI Google Scholar
[27]
Voigt C, Storm J, Abendroth M, et al. The influence of the measurement parameters on the crushing strength of reticulated ceramic foams. J Mater Res 2013, 28: 2288–2299.
DOI Google Scholar
[28]
Neumann M, Hubálková J, Voigt C, et al. On the fracture statistics of open-porous alumina foam structures. J Eur Ceram Soc 2022, 42: 2331–2340.
DOI Google Scholar
[29]
Brezny R, Green DJ. Uniaxial strength behavior of brittle cellular materials. J Am Ceram Soc 1993, 76: 2185–2192.
DOI Google Scholar
[30]
Despois JF, Conde Y, San Marchi C, et al. Tensile behaviour of replicated aluminium foams. Adv Eng Mater 2004, 6: 444–447.
DOI Google Scholar
[31]
Voigt C, Hubálková J, Bergin A, et al. Overview of the possibilities and limitations of the characterization of ceramic foam filters for metal melt filtration. In: Light Metals 2021. Perander, L, Ed. Springer, 2021: 785–793.
DOI
[32]
Chang LS, Chuang TH, Wei WJ. Characterization of alumina ceramics by ultrasonic testing. Mater Charact 2000, 45: 221–226.
DOI Google Scholar
[33]
Dai YJ, Li YW, Xu XF, et al. Fracture behaviour of magnesia refractory materials in tension with the Brazilian test. J Eur Ceram Soc 2019, 39: 5433–5441.
DOI Google Scholar
[34]
Yu JH, Shang XC, Wu PF. Influence of pressure distribution and friction on determining mechanical properties in the Brazilian test: Theory and experiment. Int J Solids Struct 2019, 161: 11–22.
DOI Google Scholar
[35]
ISRM. Suggested methods for determining tensile strength of rock materials. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 1978, 15: 99–103.
DOI Google Scholar
[36]
Dai YJ, Gruber D, Harmuth H. Observation and quantification of the fracture process zone for two magnesia refractories with different brittleness. J Eur Ceram Soc 2017, 37: 2521–2529.
DOI Google Scholar
[37]
Bart-Smith H, Bastawros AF, Mumm DR, et al. Compressive deformation and yielding mechanisms in cellular Al alloys determined using X-ray tomography and surface strain mapping. MRS Online Proc Libr 1998, 521: 71–81.
DOI Google Scholar
[38]
Grednev S, Bronder S, Kunz F, et al. Applicability of correlated digital image correlation and infrared thermography for measuring mesomechanical deformation in foams and auxetics. GAMM-Mitteilungen 2022, 45: e202200014.
DOI Google Scholar
[39]
ASTM C496. Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. In: Annual Book of ASTM, Standards. ASTM International, 1984: 336–341.
[40]
Malik A, Abendroth M, Hütter G, et al. A hybrid approach employing neural networks to simulate the elasto–plastic deformation behavior of 3D-foam structures. Adv Eng Mater 2022, 24: 2100641.
DOI Google Scholar
[41]
Andreev GE. A review of the Brazilian test for rock tensile strength determination. Part I: Calculation formula. Min Sci Technol 1991, 13: 445–456.
DOI Google Scholar
[42]
Lin H, Xiong W, Yan QX. Modified formula for the tensile strength as obtained by the flattened Brazilian disk test. Rock Mech Rock Eng 2016, 49: 1579–1586.
DOI Google Scholar
[43]
Zielke H, Abendroth M, Kuna M, et al. Determining the fracture toughness of ceramic filter materials using the miniaturized chevron-notched beam method at high temperature. Ceram Int 2018, 44: 13986–13993.
DOI Google Scholar
[44]
Munz D, Fett T. Ceramics: Mechanical Properties, Failure Behaviour, Materials Selection. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999.
DOI
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 14 July 2023
Revised: 25 August 2023
Accepted: 03 September 2023
Published: 21 November 2023
Issue date: November 2023

Copyright

© The Author(s) 2023.

Acknowledgements

The author Yajie Dai acknowledges the fellowship provided by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. The support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U21A2058 and U22A20127) and the German Research Foundation (Collaborative Research Center 920, Multi-Functional Filters for Metal Melt Filtration—A Contribution toward Zero Defect Materials) are appreciated. The author Claudia Voigt would like to thank the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for supporting these investigations as part of the junior research group PurCo (No. 03XP0420). The authors also would like to acknowledge the support of Enrico Storti, Jacqueline Hohne, and Undine Fischer. Finally, we would like to thank Drache GmbH, Germany, for their support.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Return