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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2023, 12(10): 1844-1856 https://doi.org/10.26599/JAC.2023.9220792
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 08 October 2023

Deciphering the leakage conduction mechanism of BiFeO3–BaTiO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Show Author's Information Mengping Xuea,  Yucheng Tanga,  Zhihang Shana,  Yijin Haoa,  Xiaoxiao Zhoua,  Xiaoqi Gaoa,  Hezhang Lib( ),  Jun Peia( ),  Boping Zhanga( )
The Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Keywords:
conduction mechanism, oxygen vacancies, leakage behavior, Hall test, BiFeO3–BaTiO3 (BF–BT)
Cite this article:
Xue M, Tang Y, Shan Z, et al. Deciphering the leakage conduction mechanism of BiFeO3–BaTiO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2023, 12(10): 1844-1856. https://doi.org/10.26599/JAC.2023.9220792
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Abstract Full text About this article

BiFeO3–BaTiO3 (BF–BT) based piezoelectric ceramics are a kind of high-temperature lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with great development prospects due to their high Curie temperature (TC) and excellent electrical properties. However, large leakage current limits their performance improvement and practical applications. In this work, direct current (DC) test, alternating current (AC) impedance, and Hall tests were used to investigate conduction mechanisms of 0.75BiFeO3–0.25BaTiO3 ceramics over a wide temperature range. In the range of room temperature (RT)−150 ℃, ohmic conduction plays a predominant effect, and the main carriers are p-type holes with the activation energy (Ea) of 0.51 eV. When T > 200 ℃, the Ea value calculated from the AC impedance and Hall data is 1.03 eV with oxygen vacancies as a cause of high conductivity. The diffusion behavior of thermally activated oxygen vacancies is affected by crystal symmetry, oxygen vacancy concentration, and distribution, dominating internal conduction mechanism. Deciphering the conduction mechanisms over the three temperature ranges would pave the way for further improving the insulation and electrical properties of BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics.


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About this article

Deciphering the leakage conduction mechanism of BiFeO3–BaTiO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Show Author's information Mengping Xuea, Yucheng Tanga, Zhihang Shana, Yijin Haoa, Xiaoxiao Zhoua, Xiaoqi Gaoa, Hezhang Lib( ), Jun Peia( ), Boping Zhanga( )
The Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Abstract

BiFeO3–BaTiO3 (BF–BT) based piezoelectric ceramics are a kind of high-temperature lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with great development prospects due to their high Curie temperature (TC) and excellent electrical properties. However, large leakage current limits their performance improvement and practical applications. In this work, direct current (DC) test, alternating current (AC) impedance, and Hall tests were used to investigate conduction mechanisms of 0.75BiFeO3–0.25BaTiO3 ceramics over a wide temperature range. In the range of room temperature (RT)−150 ℃, ohmic conduction plays a predominant effect, and the main carriers are p-type holes with the activation energy (Ea) of 0.51 eV. When T > 200 ℃, the Ea value calculated from the AC impedance and Hall data is 1.03 eV with oxygen vacancies as a cause of high conductivity. The diffusion behavior of thermally activated oxygen vacancies is affected by crystal symmetry, oxygen vacancy concentration, and distribution, dominating internal conduction mechanism. Deciphering the conduction mechanisms over the three temperature ranges would pave the way for further improving the insulation and electrical properties of BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics.

Keywords: conduction mechanism, oxygen vacancies, leakage behavior, Hall test, BiFeO3–BaTiO3 (BF–BT)

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Publication history
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Publication history

Received: 04 May 2023
Revised: 06 July 2023
Accepted: 28 July 2023
Published: 08 October 2023
Issue date: October 2023

Copyright

© The Author(s) 2023.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52072028 and 52032007) and National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2022YFB3807400). Thanks to Prof. Jing-Feng Li for his help with the Hall test and ferroelectric property characterization in this work.

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