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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2023, 12(8): 1655-1669 https://doi.org/10.26599/JAC.2023.9220779
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 02 August 2023

Vegard’s law deviating Ti2(SnxAl1−x)C solid solution with enhanced properties

Show Author's Information Zhihua Tian,  Peigen Zhang( ),  Wenwen Sun,  Bingzhen Yan,  Zhengming Sun( )
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
Keywords:
MAX phase, properties, high purity, Ti2(SnxAl1−x)C, Vegard’s law
Cite this article:
Tian Z, Zhang P, Sun W, et al. Vegard’s law deviating Ti2(SnxAl1−x)C solid solution with enhanced properties. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2023, 12(8): 1655-1669. https://doi.org/10.26599/JAC.2023.9220779
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

The achievement of chemical diversity and performance regulation of MAX phases primarily relies on solid solution approaches. However, the reported A-site solid solution is undervalued due to their expected chemical disorder and compliance with Vegard’s law, as well as discontinuous composition and poor purity. Herein, we synthesized high-purity Ti2(SnxAl1−x)C (x = 0–1) solid solution by the feasible pressureless sintering, enabling us to investigate their property evolution upon the A-site composition. The formation mechanism of Ti2(SnxAl1−x)C was revealed by thermal analysis, and crystal parameters were determined by Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD). The lattice constant (a) adheres to Vegard’s law, while the lattice constant (c) and internal free parameter (zM) have noticeable deviations from the law, which is caused by the significant nonlinear distortion of Ti6C octahedron as Al atoms are substituted by Sn atoms. Also, the deviation also results in nonlinear changes in their physicochemical properties, which means that the solid solution often exhibits better performance than end members, such as hardness, electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance. This work offers insights into the deviation from Vegard’s law observed in the A-site solid solution and indicates that the solid solution with enhanced performance may be obtained by tuning the A-site composition.


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About this article

Vegard’s law deviating Ti2(SnxAl1−x)C solid solution with enhanced properties

Show Author's information Zhihua Tian, Peigen Zhang( ), Wenwen Sun, Bingzhen Yan, Zhengming Sun( )
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China

Abstract

The achievement of chemical diversity and performance regulation of MAX phases primarily relies on solid solution approaches. However, the reported A-site solid solution is undervalued due to their expected chemical disorder and compliance with Vegard’s law, as well as discontinuous composition and poor purity. Herein, we synthesized high-purity Ti2(SnxAl1−x)C (x = 0–1) solid solution by the feasible pressureless sintering, enabling us to investigate their property evolution upon the A-site composition. The formation mechanism of Ti2(SnxAl1−x)C was revealed by thermal analysis, and crystal parameters were determined by Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD). The lattice constant (a) adheres to Vegard’s law, while the lattice constant (c) and internal free parameter (zM) have noticeable deviations from the law, which is caused by the significant nonlinear distortion of Ti6C octahedron as Al atoms are substituted by Sn atoms. Also, the deviation also results in nonlinear changes in their physicochemical properties, which means that the solid solution often exhibits better performance than end members, such as hardness, electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance. This work offers insights into the deviation from Vegard’s law observed in the A-site solid solution and indicates that the solid solution with enhanced performance may be obtained by tuning the A-site composition.

Keywords: MAX phase, properties, high purity, Ti2(SnxAl1−x)C, Vegard’s law

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Publication history

Received: 25 April 2023
Revised: 02 June 2023
Accepted: 12 June 2023
Published: 02 August 2023
Issue date: August 2023

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© The Author(s) 2023.

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52171033) and the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (No. KYCX22_0247).

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