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In the assessment of food quality, geranyl acetone plays a crucial role as a volatile organic compound (VOC) biomarker for diverse agricultural products, while the ultralow concentration detection meeting application requirements has been barely studied. Herein, an iron (Fe)-doped WO3−x gas sensor was employed for greatly sensitive, selective, and scalable geranyl acetone detection. The results proved that precisely-regulated oxygen vacancy (OV) and sophisticatedly-active electron transition of Fe-doped WO3−x nanoparticles were fulfilled by modifying the doping amount of Fe3+, leading to the prominently enhanced sensitivity (23.47 at 6 ppm), low limit of detection (LOD) (237 ppb), optimal selectivity, and outstanding long-term stability. Furthermore, the enhancing mechanism of gas sensing performance was substantiated through density functional theory (DFT) calculation, while the practical application for the evaluation of spoiled cooked rice was conducted as well. This study demonstrates a reliable method for detecting a VOC biomarker in cooked rice, which can ensure food security and improve palatability of cooked rice.


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Ultrasensitive room-temperature geranyl acetone detection based on Fe@WO3−x nanoparticles in cooked rice flavor analysis

Show Author's information Zichen ZhengaKewei LiuaYiwen ZhouaMarc DebliquybChao Zhanga( )
College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
Service de Science des Matériaux, Faculté Polytechnique, Université de Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium

Abstract

In the assessment of food quality, geranyl acetone plays a crucial role as a volatile organic compound (VOC) biomarker for diverse agricultural products, while the ultralow concentration detection meeting application requirements has been barely studied. Herein, an iron (Fe)-doped WO3−x gas sensor was employed for greatly sensitive, selective, and scalable geranyl acetone detection. The results proved that precisely-regulated oxygen vacancy (OV) and sophisticatedly-active electron transition of Fe-doped WO3−x nanoparticles were fulfilled by modifying the doping amount of Fe3+, leading to the prominently enhanced sensitivity (23.47 at 6 ppm), low limit of detection (LOD) (237 ppb), optimal selectivity, and outstanding long-term stability. Furthermore, the enhancing mechanism of gas sensing performance was substantiated through density functional theory (DFT) calculation, while the practical application for the evaluation of spoiled cooked rice was conducted as well. This study demonstrates a reliable method for detecting a VOC biomarker in cooked rice, which can ensure food security and improve palatability of cooked rice.

Keywords: room temperature, doping, gas sensor, density functional theory (DFT), geranyl acetone, tungsten trioxide (WO3)

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Publication history

Received: 23 March 2023
Revised: 08 May 2023
Accepted: 23 May 2023
Published: 18 July 2023
Issue date: August 2023

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© The Author(s) 2023

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK20211548), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51872254), and the Yangzhou City–Yangzhou University Cooperation Foundation (No. YZ2021153).

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