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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2023, 12(2): 242-257 https://doi.org/10.26599/JAC.2023.9220679
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 30 December 2022

Synthesis and mechanical and elevated temperature tribological properties of a novel high-entropy (TiVNbMoW)C4.375 with carbon stoichiometry deviation

Show Author's Information Jicheng Lia,b,  Yanchun Zhouc,  Yunfeng Sua,  Shuna Chena,b,  Qiuan Suna,b,  Hengzhong Fana( ),  Junjie Songa,  Litian Hua,  Yongsheng Zhanga,b( )
State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Science and Technology on Advanced Functional Composite Laboratory, Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China
Keywords:
wear, high-entropy ceramics (HECs), tribological performances, transition metal (TM) carbides, carbon stoichiometry deviation
Cite this article:
Li J, Zhou Y, Su Y, et al. Synthesis and mechanical and elevated temperature tribological properties of a novel high-entropy (TiVNbMoW)C4.375 with carbon stoichiometry deviation. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2023, 12(2): 242-257. https://doi.org/10.26599/JAC.2023.9220679
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Abstract Full text About this article

High-entropy carbides are a nascent group of ceramics that are promising for high-temperature applications due to the combination of good stability, high hardness (H), high strength, and superior creep resistance that they display. Due to high melting points and low lattice diffusion coefficients, however, the high-entropy carbides are usually difficult to consolidate to a nearly full density. To cope with this challenge, herein, binary carbides including TiC, V8C7, NbC, Mo2C, and WC with different carbon stoichiometry were used to prepare dense high-entropy (TiVNbMoW)C4.375, and the influence of carbon vacancy on formation ability and mechanical properties of carbon-deficient high-entropy (TiVNbMoW)C4.375 were investigated. Intriguingly, although the starting binary carbides have different crystal structures and carbon stoichiometry, the as-prepared high-entropy material showed a rock-salt structure with a relatively high density (98.1%) and good mechanical properties with hardness of 19.4±0.4 GPa and fracture toughness (KIC) of 4.02 MPa·m1/2. More importantly, the high-entropy (TiVNbMoW)C4.375 exhibited low coefficient of friction (COF) at room temperature (RT) and 800 ℃. Wear rate (W) gradually increased with the temperature rising, which were attributed to the formation of low-hardness oxidation films at high temperatures to aggravate wear. At 800 ℃, lubricating films formed from sufficient oxidation products of V2O5 and MoO3 effectively improved tribological behavior of the high-entropy (TiVNbMoW)C4.375. Wear mechanisms were mainly abrasive wear resulting from grain pullout and brittle fracture as well as oxidation wear generated from high-temperature reactions. These results are useful as valuable guidance and reference to the synthesis of high-entropy ceramics (HECs) for sliding parts under high-temperature serving conditions.


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About this article

Synthesis and mechanical and elevated temperature tribological properties of a novel high-entropy (TiVNbMoW)C4.375 with carbon stoichiometry deviation

Show Author's information Jicheng Lia,b, Yanchun Zhouc, Yunfeng Sua, Shuna Chena,b, Qiuan Suna,b, Hengzhong Fana( ), Junjie Songa, Litian Hua, Yongsheng Zhanga,b( )
State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Science and Technology on Advanced Functional Composite Laboratory, Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China

Abstract

High-entropy carbides are a nascent group of ceramics that are promising for high-temperature applications due to the combination of good stability, high hardness (H), high strength, and superior creep resistance that they display. Due to high melting points and low lattice diffusion coefficients, however, the high-entropy carbides are usually difficult to consolidate to a nearly full density. To cope with this challenge, herein, binary carbides including TiC, V8C7, NbC, Mo2C, and WC with different carbon stoichiometry were used to prepare dense high-entropy (TiVNbMoW)C4.375, and the influence of carbon vacancy on formation ability and mechanical properties of carbon-deficient high-entropy (TiVNbMoW)C4.375 were investigated. Intriguingly, although the starting binary carbides have different crystal structures and carbon stoichiometry, the as-prepared high-entropy material showed a rock-salt structure with a relatively high density (98.1%) and good mechanical properties with hardness of 19.4±0.4 GPa and fracture toughness (KIC) of 4.02 MPa·m1/2. More importantly, the high-entropy (TiVNbMoW)C4.375 exhibited low coefficient of friction (COF) at room temperature (RT) and 800 ℃. Wear rate (W) gradually increased with the temperature rising, which were attributed to the formation of low-hardness oxidation films at high temperatures to aggravate wear. At 800 ℃, lubricating films formed from sufficient oxidation products of V2O5 and MoO3 effectively improved tribological behavior of the high-entropy (TiVNbMoW)C4.375. Wear mechanisms were mainly abrasive wear resulting from grain pullout and brittle fracture as well as oxidation wear generated from high-temperature reactions. These results are useful as valuable guidance and reference to the synthesis of high-entropy ceramics (HECs) for sliding parts under high-temperature serving conditions.

Keywords: wear, high-entropy ceramics (HECs), tribological performances, transition metal (TM) carbides, carbon stoichiometry deviation

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Publication history
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Publication history

Received: 23 June 2022
Revised: 28 September 2022
Accepted: 16 October 2022
Published: 30 December 2022
Issue date: February 2023

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© The Author(s) 2022.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51902317), the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDPB24), the State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing Tsinghua University (KF201911), and the Key Research and Development Project of Gansu Province (20YF8GA001).

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