Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Music: A Review

Crowd science is a science that uses the collective intelligence of information, physics, and society as a whole in the context of large-scale online interconnection to improve social and economic efficiency. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly influential force in the field of music, reshaping traditional paradigms of creativity, production, performance, and consumption. This review examines the current applications of AI across key musical domains, including composition, audio production, performance, analysis, recommendation, and interdisciplinary integration. The paper highlights how AI techniques—ranging from symbolic rule-based systems to advanced deep learning architectures—have enabled novel capabilities such as automated melody and lyric generation, live collaboration between humans and AI agents in musical performance, sentiment-aware music analysis, and personalized recommendation systems. Additionally, the review explores the transformative effects of AI on the structure and ecology of the music industry, as well as its expanding role in education and therapy. Despite these advances, unresolved challenges remain in areas such as interpretability, ethical accountability, and the definition of creativity. The paper concludes by outlining future research directions, emphasizing the importance of human-AI collaboration, standardization of methodologies, and the development of adaptive AI systems for live musical contexts. By synthesizing recent progress and identifying open questions, this review provides a foundation for understanding the evolving relationship between AI and music.