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Review | Open Access

Macrophage metabolomics provides new insights into the metabolic markers and mechanisms of inflammation: review

Senye Wanga,b, Ju Fana,c, Rui Penga,b, Wenjing Fenga,d, Suxing Tua,d, Chao Zhaoe, Shiming Lia,f( ), Wenyi Kanga,b,g ( ), Changyang Maa,b,g,h ( )
National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
School of Energy Science and Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08901, USA
Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Kaifeng 475004, China
Key Laboratory for Innovation and Manufacturing of Speciality Plant Health Food in Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China

Peer review under responsibility of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.

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• The inflammatory metabolic characteristics of RAW264.7 and THP-1 were summarized.

• The crosstalk mechanism of metabolism in RAW264.7 and THP-1 cells under inflammatory conditions was clarified.

• The relationship between key metabolites in RAW264.7 and THP-1 cells and inflammation under inflammatory conditions was clarified.

Abstract

Macrophages are the core effector cells of the innate immune system. The dysregulation of amino acid, glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism in macrophages has a profound impact on inflammatory pathways. A comprehensive analysis of metabolites in macrophages can identify inflammatory metabolic biomarkers, elucidate inflammatory metabolic pathways, and provide a deep understanding of inflammation. Metabolomics technology, as a high-throughput detection method for analyzing small molecule metabolites in the body, can reveal the relationship of metabolic networks by detecting changes in the metabolites of macrophages. Therefore, this review summarizes the application of metabolomics in macrophages, comprehensively elaborates the metabolic network within macrophages, and aims to provide a new perspective for the discovery of potential inflammatory biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

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Keywords

Macrophage metabolomicsInflammationMetabolic biomarkersMetabolic pathways

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Food Science and Human Wellness
Volume 15 Issue 5,
May 2026
Article number: 9251006
DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2026.9251006

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Cite this article:
Wang S, Fan J, Peng R, et al. Macrophage metabolomics provides new insights into the metabolic markers and mechanisms of inflammation: review. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2026, 15(5): 9251006. https://doi.org/10.26599/FSHW.2026.9251006

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Received: 26 April 2025
Revised: 31 October 2025
Accepted: 24 February 2026
Published: 26 May 2026
© 2026 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Publishing services by Tsinghua University Press.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).