Meta-analysis and multidimensional data investigation of the cardiovascular effects and processes of Phyllanthus emblica and its functional components

Background: Phyllanthus emblica and its active constituents appear to enhance cardiovascular function, according to research on cardiovascular-related problems. Thus, this paper's objectives are to examine the cardiovascular effects of consuming Phyllanthus emblica and its functional constituents, to investigate possible mechanisms of action, and to offer safety data for individualized nutritional interventions and the use of functional foods derived from Phyllanthus emblica in middle-aged and elderly patients with cardiovascular disease and possible pathogenicity. Methods: The terms "Phyllanthus emblica" and "cardiovascular disease" were searched in Pubmeb, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, and a meta-analysis of the evidence supporting links between the two was carried out. The search was conducted from its inception to 31 December 2024. Included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that looked into Phyllanthus emblica or its active ingredients consumption. Online databases were used to check for genes linked to cardiovascular disease. The possible mechanisms for Phyllanthus emblica ameliorating cardiovascular disease were investigated using Mendelian randomization, genomic enrichment analysis, machine learning, and molecular docking. Results: A total of 725 articles were retrieved and 6 articles were finally included in this study, all of which were randomized controlled trials with a total of 397 subjects. The results of meta-analysis showed that there was a statistical difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of lipid-related indicators [TG:OR=0.69,95%CI=(-0.00,1.38), P < 0.05;TC:OR=0.69,95%CI=(0.23,1.14), P < 0.05; LDL:OR=0.93,95%CI=(0.23,1.63), P < 0.05;HDL:OR=-0.80,95%CI=(-1.59,-0.02), P < 0.05; VLDL:OR=0.39,95%CI=(-0.01,0.78), P < 0.05] as well as other cardiovascular-related indicators[NO:OR=-2.31,95%CI=(-3.86,-0.95), P < 0.05; GSH:OR=-2.20,95%CI=(-4.15,-0.26), P < 0.05; MDA:OR=1.25,95%CI=(-0.03,2.53), P < 0.05;hsCRP:OR=1.36,95%CI=(0.12,2.60), P < 0.05].Seven key effector genes associated with cardiovascular disease were identified based on network pharmacology and machine learning algorithms: AKT1, ABCB1, FYN, IGF1R, NR3C1, PIK3CA, and SYK. Mendelian randomization was also validated to find a causal relationship between AKT1, FYN, IGF1R, and SYK and cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Phyllanthus emblica and its functional constituents have significant effects on cardiovascular disease, and the mechanisms may involve the involvement of AKT1, ABCB1, FYN, IGF1R, NR3C1, PIK3CA and SYK, as well as the regulation of metabolic and immune-related pathways.