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Review | Open Access

Harnessing the cognitive power of blueberries: review of the neurotrophins modulatory potentials, bioactive compounds, bioavailability, clinical trials and therapeutic implications in Alzheimer’s disease

Zhuo Xia,1, Jin Wangb,1, Di Wanga,1, Guangxin Yanc( ), Xiaoxue Ged( ), Yawen Maa( )
Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110055, China
Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
Department of Interventional Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110055, China
Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110055, China

1 These author contribute equally to the work and can be considered into co-first authors.

Peer review under responsibility of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.

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Highlights

• Blueberries are widely used functional foods rich with anthocyanins, flavonoids and tannins exhibiting neuroprotective potentials.

• Blueberry extracts have been shown to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, amyloid load in brain cells, potentially slow-down brain aging.

• Consuming blueberries may improve memory and learning, with potential benefits for both children and older adults.

• Clinical trials have revealed considerable efficacy of anthocyanins rich blueberries in various models of cognitive dysfunctions

• Despite their benefits, anthocyanins have poor bioavailability, which may limit their effectiveness.

• We have highlighted the health benefits, chemistry, bioavailability issues, clinical trials and potential application of blueberries in Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurological diseases of the old age often associated with cognitive dysfunctions and behavioral turbulence. Recent research has revealed potential benefits of blueberries in AD management, owing to their rich content of anthocyanins and other bioactive metabolites. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of its potentials beneficial effects in AD in the context of its neurotrophin-modulatory effects. Moreover, evaluation of its bioactive compounds, bioavailability issues, development into the clinical trials, and potential therapeutic implications in AD were evaluated. About 34 clinical trials studies were evaluated in detail. We discussed the role of blueberries in modulating neurotrophins, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrphin-3 and neurotrophin-4 (NT-3/4) and their potential to increase cognitive function and neuronal health. Our review suggests that blueberries may be a promising adjunctive therapy for AD management, and future research should focus on optimizing their therapeutic potential through large-scale clinical trials and personalized nutritional approaches.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

BlueberriesNeurotrophinsAlzheimer’s diseaseClinical trialsBrain-derived neurotrophic factor

References

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Food Science and Human Wellness
Volume 15 Issue 6,
June 2026
Article number: 9250718
DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2025.9250718

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Xi Z, Wang J, Wang D, et al. Harnessing the cognitive power of blueberries: review of the neurotrophins modulatory potentials, bioactive compounds, bioavailability, clinical trials and therapeutic implications in Alzheimer’s disease. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2026, 15(6): 9250718. https://doi.org/10.26599/FSHW.2025.9250718

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Received: 13 May 2025
Revised: 02 July 2025
Accepted: 15 July 2025
Published: 14 July 2026
© 2026 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Publishing services by Tsinghua University Press.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).