Tailored co-extruded cereals for seniors: fabrication, palatability, and in vitro digestibility

The rise in life expectancies and gap between life span and health span necessitate innovative approaches, interventions, and food solutions to secure healthy aging. This study, conducted within the framework of the EAT4AGE project of the Joint Programming Initiative ‘A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life’, focuses on the rational design of functional foods for older adults. A co-extruded cereal prototype, fortified with two bioactive moieties, maca root powder and olive leaf extract, aims to address nutritional gaps identified in older adults, with a particular emphasis on high-quality and highly digestible proteins. Analytical determinations reveal the cereals have rich macronutrient profile exceeding 12% (m/m) protein, 20% (m/m) fat, and low sugar (< 5%, m/m), surpassing commercially available products with texture analyses supporting improved hardness, reduced oral friction and oral comfort. An untrained consumer panel (n = 21, age 73 ± 5) confirmed high palatability in various metrics and overall acceptability that were also affirmed through a trained sensory panel. Lastly, the product digestion was explored through an age-tailored in vitro digestion model which consistently demonstrated high protein digestibility, surpassing 80%, across all product formulations. Further, calculation of the in vitro digestible indispensable amino acid score of the product affirms its high nutritional quality. Thus, this study underscores the potential of designing palatable foods that could help promote a balanced and sustainable diet towards healthy aging.