Peanut skin procyanidins regulate insulin signaling and hepatic metabolism in diabetic mice

Diabetes is accompanied by oxidative damage, inflammation, and disorder of metabolic profiles. Dietary procyanidins have been reported to alleviate symptoms of diabetes, however, the underlying mechanism through which procyanidins impact liver metabolic function remains unclear. Here, the effects of peanut skin procyanidins (PSP) on oxidative stress, inflammatory injury, and dysregulated metabolism in the liver of diabetic mice were evaluated. The results showed that PSP reduced the accumulation of cholesterol and alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the liver. Moreover, PSP enhanced insulin signaling by increasing hepatic protein expression of insulin receptor substrate 1/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that PSP altered bile acid biosynthesis, alpha linolenic acid and linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and glycolipid metabolism in the liver. This study reveals positive effects of PSP in alleviating liver dysfunction in diabetic mice.