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Open Access

Food-derived peptides with inhibitory capacity for HMG-CoA reductase activity: a potential nutraceutical for hypercholesterolemia

Guillermo Santos-Sáncheza,b( ), Ana Isabel Álvarez-Lópeza,b, Eduardo Ponce-Españaa,b, Patricia Judith Lardonea,b, Antonio Carrillo-Vicoa,b( ), Ivan Cruz-Chamorroa,b
Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IbiS); Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41013, Spain
Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41009, Spain

Peer review under responsibility of Tsinghua University Press.

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Highlights

• Several food-derived peptides have been shown to inhibit the HMG-CoAR activity.

• Biopeptides inhibit HMG-CoAR activity by competitive or non-competitive mechanisms.

• Physicochemical characteristics of peptides define the type of enzyme inhibition.

• Food-derived peptides may help to reduce the side effects of statin therapy.

• Biopeptides are potential compounds as future hypocholesterolemic treatments.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of mortality and disease burden. Statins are the most prescribed lipid-lowering drugs to treat hypercholesterolemia and prevent CVDs. The biochemical mechanism of statins consists of competitive inhibition of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase enzyme (HMG-CoAR), the limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Due to statin intolerance in some patient groups, the search for new inhibitors is a field of great interest. This review focusses on the studies reporting the inhibitory effect of protein hydrolysates and biopeptides on the HMG-CoAR enzyme activity. The analysis of the action mechanism and physicochemical characteristics of the HMG-CoAR inhibitory peptides revealed that the molecular weight, amino acid composition, charge, and polarity are key aspects of the interaction with the HMG-CoAR enzyme. In conclusion, this review reveals the potential of using food peptides as new cholesterol-lowering agents and opens a new interesting field of research. However, clinical approaches are mandatory to confirm their therapeutic hypercholesterolemic effect.

Keywords

Functional foodsCholesterolCardiovascular diseasesStatins3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A

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Food Science and Human Wellness
Volume 13 Issue 6,
November 2024
Pages 3083-3094
DOI: 10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250001
Cite this article:
Santos-Sánchez G, Álvarez-López AI, Ponce-España E, et al. Food-derived peptides with inhibitory capacity for HMG-CoA reductase activity: a potential nutraceutical for hypercholesterolemia. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2024, 13(6): 3083-3094. https://doi.org/10.26599/FSHW.2023.9250001

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Received: 22 November 2022
Revised: 12 June 2023
Accepted: 16 June 2023
Published: 18 December 2024
© 2024 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Publishing services by Tsinghua University Press.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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