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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024, 13(2): 856-868 https://doi.org/10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250073
Open Access | Issue | Published: 25 September 2023

Palmitoleic acid on top of HFD ameliorates insulin resistance independent of diacylglycerols and alters gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice

Show Author's Information Qijian Lianga,  Yan Zhengb,  Fanli Mengc,d,  Xiaofan Jianga,  Qingcai Zhena,  Zhongting Lua,  Shixiu Zhanga,  Lei Dua,  Hao Wua( ),  Xin Guoa,( )
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China

Peer review under responsibility of Tsinghua University Press.

Keywords:
Gut microbiota, Insulin resistance, High fat diet, Palmitoleic acid
Cite this article:
Liang Q, Zheng Y, Meng F, et al. Palmitoleic acid on top of HFD ameliorates insulin resistance independent of diacylglycerols and alters gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2024, 13(2): 856-868. https://doi.org/10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250073
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

With the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic syndrome, such as insulin resistance in recent years, it is urgent to explore effective interventions to prevent the progression of obesity-related metabolic syndrome. Palmitoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that is available from dietary sources, mainly derived from marine products. Palmitoleic acid plays a positive role in maintaining glucose homeostasis and reducing inflammation. However, it is still unknow the mechanism of palmitoleic acid in ameliorating insulin resistance. Here, we investigated the effects of palmitoleic acid on chow diet (CD)-fed and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, which were fed CD or HFD for 12 weeks before administration. We administrated mice with BSA (control), oleic acid, or palmitoleic acid for 6 weeks on top of CD or HFD feeding. We found that palmitoleic acid only improved glucose homeostasis in HFD-fed obese mice by increasing glucose clearance and reducing HOMA-IR. Further study explored that palmitoleic acid changed the composition of gut microbiota by decreasing Firmicutes population and increasing Bacteroidetes population. In colon, palmitoleic acid increased intestinal tight junction integrity and reduced inflammation. Moreover, palmitoleic acid decreased macrophage infiltration in liver and adipose tissue and increase glucose uptake in adipose tissue. Diacylglycerol (DAG) in tissue (for example, liver) is found to positively correlated with HOMA-IR. HFD enhanced the levels of DAGs in liver but not in adipose tissue in this study. Palmitoleic acid did not reverse the high DAG levels induced by HFD in liver. Therefore, in HFD-fed mice, palmitoleic acid reduced insulin resistance by an independent-manner of DAGs. It might be associated with the beneficial effects of palmitoleic acid on altering the gut microbiota composition, improving of intestinal barrier function, and downregulating the inflammation in colon, liver, and adipose tissue.


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Abstract
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Electronic supplementary material
About this article

Palmitoleic acid on top of HFD ameliorates insulin resistance independent of diacylglycerols and alters gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice

Show Author's information Qijian Lianga, Yan Zhengb, Fanli Mengc,d, Xiaofan Jianga, Qingcai Zhena, Zhongting Lua, Shixiu Zhanga, Lei Dua, Hao Wua( ), Xin Guoa,( )
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, China
Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China

Peer review under responsibility of Tsinghua University Press.

Highlights

• Palmitoleic acid alleviates HFD-induced insulin resistance.

• Palmitoleic acid decreased Firmicutes population and increased Bacteroidetes population in gut of HFD-fed mice.

• Palmitoleic acid increased tight junction integrity and reduced inflammation in colon.

• Palmitoleic acid decreased inflammation in liver and adipose tissue.

Abstract

With the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic syndrome, such as insulin resistance in recent years, it is urgent to explore effective interventions to prevent the progression of obesity-related metabolic syndrome. Palmitoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that is available from dietary sources, mainly derived from marine products. Palmitoleic acid plays a positive role in maintaining glucose homeostasis and reducing inflammation. However, it is still unknow the mechanism of palmitoleic acid in ameliorating insulin resistance. Here, we investigated the effects of palmitoleic acid on chow diet (CD)-fed and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, which were fed CD or HFD for 12 weeks before administration. We administrated mice with BSA (control), oleic acid, or palmitoleic acid for 6 weeks on top of CD or HFD feeding. We found that palmitoleic acid only improved glucose homeostasis in HFD-fed obese mice by increasing glucose clearance and reducing HOMA-IR. Further study explored that palmitoleic acid changed the composition of gut microbiota by decreasing Firmicutes population and increasing Bacteroidetes population. In colon, palmitoleic acid increased intestinal tight junction integrity and reduced inflammation. Moreover, palmitoleic acid decreased macrophage infiltration in liver and adipose tissue and increase glucose uptake in adipose tissue. Diacylglycerol (DAG) in tissue (for example, liver) is found to positively correlated with HOMA-IR. HFD enhanced the levels of DAGs in liver but not in adipose tissue in this study. Palmitoleic acid did not reverse the high DAG levels induced by HFD in liver. Therefore, in HFD-fed mice, palmitoleic acid reduced insulin resistance by an independent-manner of DAGs. It might be associated with the beneficial effects of palmitoleic acid on altering the gut microbiota composition, improving of intestinal barrier function, and downregulating the inflammation in colon, liver, and adipose tissue.

Keywords: Gut microbiota, Insulin resistance, High fat diet, Palmitoleic acid

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Publication history

Received: 30 June 2022
Revised: 01 August 2022
Accepted: 22 October 2022
Published: 25 September 2023
Issue date: March 2024

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© 2024 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Publishing services by Tsinghua University Press.

Acknowledgements

This research was funded,in whole or in part,by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81803224) and Young Scholars Program of Shandong University (2018WLJH33) to X.G.; National Natural Science Foundation of China (81973031) and Cheeloo Young Scholar Program of Shandong University (21320089963054) to H.W.; Young Scholars Program of Shandong University (2018WLJH34)and the Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (LMDBKF-2019-05) to L.D.

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This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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