From what to why: An axiomatic system of feature-matching value in forensic science

The rationale behind forensic science comparison methods is an important topic. The feature matching value framework proposed in 2022 is a new theory with competitive advantages, which may provide a scientific basis for feature comparison evaluation. In order to further clarify and enhance the scientific validity of this new theory, this paper studies its internal logic and scientific basis, and mathematically proves the form of feature matching value. Specifically, I carefully select the principles to be followed in the forensic science comparison method, establish them as a system of axioms (including 5 assumptions), and then derive the mathematical form of the concept of feature matching value from the axioms. Our work provides a scientific argument for the theory of forensic science comparison methodology, advancing from what it is to why.