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Research Article | Open Access

The effect of group 5 metal elements addition to ta-C coating on tribological properties in dry friction

Takayuki Tokoroyama1( ), Kosuke Suzuki1, Asato Tanigawa1, Ruixi Zhang1, Lulu Li1, Noritsugu Umehara1, Jongkuk Kim2, Jae-Il Kim2, Young-Jun Jang2,4, Motoyuki Murashima3
Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
Department of Extreme Environmental Coatings, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797, Changwon-daero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 51508, Republic of Korea
Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza-aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
Department of Aerospace Materials Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Abstract

Carbon-based hard coatings are ideal for mechanical materials due to their high hardness. However, maintaining low friction in air requires suppressing oxidation by atmospheric oxygen to protect the graphite structure, known for its low friction properties. This study introduced group 5 elements (vanadium, niobium, and tantalum) into the coatings to safeguard the graphite structure and enhance wear resistance through oxidation and reduction reactions. Using a ta-C coating with a high sp3 carbon structure, the effects of these elements were analyzed. The ta-C:Ta coating, containing tantalum, achieved the lowest average friction coefficient of 0.043 in air, followed by ta-C:Nb at 0.067, demonstrating the potential of group 5 elements to improve coating performance.

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Keywords

5 metal elementsta-CfrictionRamanX-ray photoelectron speetroscopy (XPS)

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Friction
Volume 14 Issue 10,
October 2026
Article number: 9441264
DOI: 10.26599/FRICT.2026.9441264

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Tokoroyama T, Suzuki K, Tanigawa A, et al. The effect of group 5 metal elements addition to ta-C coating on tribological properties in dry friction. Friction, 2026, 14(10): 9441264. https://doi.org/10.26599/FRICT.2026.9441264

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Received: 20 July 2025
Revised: 26 March 2026
Accepted: 07 May 2026
Published: 26 August 2026
© The Author(s) 2026.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).