Enhancing tribological performance of metal matrix composites via high-quality microdimples patterned by elliptical vibration texturing

Texturing micro-dimensional structures on silicon carbide particle-reinforced aluminum matrix (SiC_p/Al) composites is a promising technique for enhancing their tribological performance. However, owing to their heterogeneous material properties, the fabrication of high-quality microdimples on SiC_p/Al composites via methods such as laser texturing is challenging. This study introduces elliptical vibration texturing (EVT) to fabricate high-quality microdimples on SiC_p/Al through controlled material removal. A kinematic model was developed to predict dimple geometries, and the experimental results revealed that EVT can effectively create uniform microdimple textures with minimal surface damage. The process involves a transition between ductile and brittle‒ductile mixed removal modes, which promotes surface integrity. Tribological tests demonstrated that, compared with untextured surfaces, textured surfaces achieved a 40% reduction in the friction coefficient under lubricated conditions. Deeper dimple textures (6 μm) exhibited superior performance under higher loads owing to enhanced lubricant retention. This study presented a practical approach for improving the tribological performance of metal matrix composites for aerospace applications.