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Research Article | Open Access

Impact of elastic instabilities on friction induced by capillary adhesion

Tianyan Gao1, Guorui Wang1,2( ), Tao Wang1, Zijian Chen1, Houbo Li1, Kun Liu3, Zhong Zhang1( )
CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Institute of Tribology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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Abstract

Transient high friction force usually appears when a hard sphere slides on a soft substrate during the water evaporation. Such a special wetting condition featuring the friction enhancement, even exceeding the friction of dry conditions, is termed as tacky regime. Herein, the impact of Schallamach waves on the friction enhancement induced by capillary adhesion is investigated by integrating microtribometer measurements, interference microscopy visualization, and finite element analysis. The friction peak decreases or even disappears with decreasing elastic modulus of the soft substrate, which is attributed to the nucleation and propagation of Schallamach waves. The increase in friction during the tacky transition depends on the competition between capillary adhesion and stress relief of Schallamach wave.

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Keywords

elastic modulusSchallamach wavefriction forcecapillary adhesiontacky regime

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Friction
Volume 13 Issue 10,
October 2025
Article number: 9441058
DOI: 10.26599/FRICT.2025.9441058

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Cite this article:
Gao T, Wang G, Wang T, et al. Impact of elastic instabilities on friction induced by capillary adhesion. Friction, 2025, 13(10): 9441058. https://doi.org/10.26599/FRICT.2025.9441058

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Received: 08 July 2024
Revised: 16 October 2024
Accepted: 11 December 2024
Published: 01 August 2025
© The Author(s) 2025.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).