Phononic insights into sliding friction

Traditionally, the friction force has been the benchmark for quantifying energy dissipation in frictional phenomena. In this study, we introduce an atomic chain friction model that illuminates the conversion of kinetic energy into potential energy through interfacial forces. The energy dissipation process is characterized by the release of partial potential energy in the form of phonons, quantifiable by a frictional damping coefficient. We have determined that this damping coefficient is significantly influenced by the intrinsic dynamic properties of the friction system. To expand on this foundation, we formulate an advanced phononic friction model that accurately predicts the friction forces measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Our model reveals that energy dissipation is caused by vibrations occurring both parallel and perpendicular to the sliding motion. These findings profoundly enhance our understanding of the basic mechanics of friction and open new avenues for innovative strategies for the active management and reduction of energy dissipation in diverse mechanical systems.