A review of drag reduction methods and principles in bionic interface

Natural organisms have evolved numerous functional surfaces and structures on their body surfaces over billions of years of evolution, which have shown excellent drag reduction effects in a wide range of applications. From a biomimicry perspective, techniques for reducing drag, such as compliant walls, superhydrophobic surfaces, and surface textures, originate from the features of living things in the natural world. These techniques, which are important for sustainable development, can increase productivity, cut down on energy loss, preserve the environment, and be applied to industrial production, sports, transportation, and other areas. This paper presents systematic elaboration of the structure or properties of functional surfaces from the standpoint of typical biological characteristics. Additionally, a summary of bionic drag reduction techniques, guiding principles, and related research findings is provided, which can serve as a resource for both further study and real-world implementation.