Discover the SciOpen Platform and Achieve Your Research Goals with Ease.
Search articles, authors, keywords, DOl and etc.
Tribomagnetization is a relatively weak phenomenon and has a potential advantage for predicting wear conditions. However, it is easily subject to many factors during the magnetization process, such as tribological parameters, the properties of ferromagnetic materials, and the external environment, resulting in an ambiguous understanding of tribo-magnetization. Herein, the magnetization process against sliding under different tribological loads is investigated. Changes in the surface magnetic field and sliding-induced subsurface plastic deformation are characterized. The results show that tribomagnetization is determined predominantly by the specific depth of hardened regions (≥ 170–180 kg/mm2) resulting from sliding-induced plastic deformation. These results hold promise for providing a potential path to predict the wear regime.
Meng Y G, Xu J, Ma L R, Jin Z M, Prakash B, Ma T B, Wang W Z. A review of advances in tribology in 2020–2021. Friction 10(10): 1443–1595 (2022)
Liu Z L, Messer-Hannemann P, Laube S, Greiner C. Tribological performance and microstructural evolution of α-brass alloys as a function of zinc concentration. Friction 8(6): 1117–1136 (2020)
Argibay N, Furnish T A, Boyce B L, Clark B G, Chandross M. Stress-dependent grain size evolution of nanocrystalline Ni–W and its impact on friction behavior. Scripta Mater 123: 26–29 (2016)
Haug C, Molodov D, Gumbsch P, Greiner C. Tribologically induced crystal rotation kinematics revealed by electron backscatter diffraction. Acta Mater 225: 117566 (2022)
Bahshwan M, Myant C W, Reddyhoff T, Pham M S. The role of microstructure on wear mechanisms and anisotropy of additively manufactured 316 L stainless steel in dry sliding. Mater Design 196: 109076 (2020)
Gao F, Fan J, Zhang L, Chen B. Unraveling the origin of tribomagnetization in ferromagnetic materials. ACS Appl Mater Inter 12(44): 50176–50186 (2020)
Gao F M, Fan J C. Research on the effect of remanence and the earth’s magnetic field on tribo-magnetization phenomenon of ferromagnetic materials. Tribol Int 109: 165–173 (2017)
Gao F M, Fan J C, Zhao K P, Li D H, Hu Z B. In situ observation of the magnetic domain in the process of ferroalloy friction. Tribol Int 97: 371–378 (2016)
Mishina H, Iwase H, Hase A. Generation of wear elements and origin of tribomagnetization phenomenon. Wear 269(5–6): 491–497 (2010)
Xie T, Feng S H, Yan Z M, Yang T T. Tribo-magnetization of the PTFE composites containing ferromagnetic fillers of Fe, Co, or Ni. Wear 424: 233–245 (2019)
Chang Y P, Yur J P, Chu L M, Chou H M, Hwang Y C. Effects of friction on tribo-magnetization mechanisms for self-mated iron pairs under dry friction condition. P I Mech Eng J-J Eng 223(6): 859–869 (2009)
Zhao K P, Fan J C, Gao F M, Hu Z B. Research on tribo-magnetization phenomenon of ferromagnetic materials under dry reciprocating sliding. Tribol Int 92: 146–153 (2015)
Mishina H. Magnetization of ferromagnetic material surfaces by tribological process. J Appl Phys 92(11): 6721–6727 (2002)
Greiner C, Liu Z L, Strassberger L, Gumbsch P. Sequence of stages in the microstructure evolution in copper under mild reciprocating tribological loading. ACS Appl Mater Inter 8(24): 15809–15819 (2016)
Laube S, Kauffmann A, Ruebeling F, Freudenberger J, Heilmaier M, Greiner C. Solid solution strengthening and deformation behavior of single-phase Cu-base alloys under tribological load. Acta Mater 185: 300–308 (2020)
Hughes D A, Hansen N. Graded nanostructures produced by sliding and exhibiting universal behavior. Phys Rev Lett 87(13): 135503 (2001)
Karthikeyan S, Kim H J, Rigney D A. Velocity and strain-rate profiles in materials subjected to unlubricated sliding. Phys Rev Lett 95(10): 106001 (2005)
Makowska K, Kowalewski Z L. Variation of barkhausen noise, magnetic and crystal structure of ferromagnetic medium-carbon steel after different loading processes. Phys Met Metallogr 121(2): 115–122 (2020)
Warren A D, Harniman R L, Guo Z, Younes C M, Flewitt P E J, Scott T B. Quantification of sigma-phase evolution in thermally aged 2205 duplex stainless steel. J Mater Sci 51(2): 694–707 (2016)
Batista L, Rabe U, Altpeter I, Hirsekorn S, Dobmann G. On the mechanism of nondestructive evaluation of cementite content in steels using a combination of magnetic Barkhausen noise and magnetic force microscopy techniques. J Magn Magn Mater 354: 248–256 (2014)
Fomin L A, Malikov I V, Vinnichenko V Y, Mikhailov G M. Magnetic structure and magnetoresistance of patterned epitaxial iron thin films: The influence of shape and magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Russ Microelectron 37(5): 283–295 (2008)
Liu J, Tian G Y, Gao B, Zeng K, Qiu F S. Domain wall characterization inside grain and around grain boundary under tensile stress. J Magn Magn Mater 471: 39–48 (2019)
Dollmann A, Kauffmann A, Heilmaier M, Haug C, Greiner C. Microstructural changes in CoCrFeMnNi under mild tribological load. J Mater Sci 55(26): 12353–12372 (2020)
Emge A, Karthikeyan S, Rigney D A. The effects of sliding velocity and sliding time on nanocrystalline tribolayer development and properties in copper. Wear 267(1–4): 562–567 (2009)
Zhang W, Lu J W, Huo W T, Zhang Y S, Wei Q. Microstructural evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloy subjected to sliding friction treatment. Philos Mag 98(17): 1576–1593 (2018)
Chen X, Han Z. A low-to-high friction transition in gradient nano-grained Cu and Cu–Ag alloys. Friction 9(6): 1558–1567 (2021)
Chen X, Han Z, Lu K. Wear mechanism transition dominated by subsurface recrystallization structure in Cu–Al alloys. Wear 320: 41–50 (2014)
Batista L, Rabe U, Hirsekorn S. Determination of the easy axes of small ferromagnetic precipitates in a bulk material by combined magnetic force microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction techniques. Ultramicroscopy 146: 17–26 (2014)
Abuthahir J, Kumar A, Shankar V. Influence of crystallographic orientation and applied magnetic field on domain structure in duplex stainless steel studied using magnetic force microscopy. Mater Charact 144: 368–377 (2018)
Gallaugher M, Brodusch N, Gauvin R, Chromik R R. Magnetic domain structure and crystallographic orientation of electrical steels revealed by a forescatter detector and electron backscatter diffraction. Ultramicroscopy 142: 40–49 (2014)
Ickler T, Meckbach H, Zeismann F, Brückner-Foit A. Assessing the influence of crystallographic orientation, stress and local deformation on magnetic domains using electron backscatter diffraction and forescatter electron imaging. Ultramicroscopy 198: 33–42 (2019)
Batista L, Rabe U, Hirsekorn S. Magnetic micro- and nanostructures of unalloyed steels: Domain wall interactions with cementite precipitates observed by MFM. NDT& E Int 57: 58–68 (2013)
Guo L Q, Zhao X M, Li M, Zhang W J, Bai Y, Qiao L J. Annealing effects on the microstructure and magnetic domain structures of duplex stainless steel studied by in situ technique. Appl Surf Sci 259: 213–218 (2012)
Greiner C, Gagel J, Gumbsch P. Solids under extreme shear: Friction-mediated subsurface structural transformations. Adv Mater 31(26): 1806705 (2019)
Schreijäg S, Kaufmann D, Wenk M, Kraft O, Mönig R. Size and microstructural effects in the mechanical response of α-Fe and low alloyed steel. Acta Mater 97: 94–104 (2015)
Brechtl J, Feng R, Liaw P K, Beausir B, Jaber H, Lebedkina T, Lebyodkin M. Mesoscopic-scale complexity in macroscopically-uniform plastic flow of an Al0.3CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy. Acta Mater 242: 118445 (2023)
Hughes D A, Hansen N, Bammann D J. Geometrically necessary boundaries, incidental dislocation boundaries and geometrically necessary dislocations. Scripta Mater 48(2): 147–153 (2003)
Kubin L P, Mortensen A. Geometrically necessary dislocations and strain-gradient plasticity: A few critical issues. Scripta Mater 48(2): 119–125 (2003)
Liu M A, Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo P E J, Barraza-Fierro J I, Castaneda H, Srivastava A. Microstructural influence on hydrogen permeation and trapping in steels. Mater Design 167: 107605 (2019)
Nagoshi T, Kozu S, Inoue Y, O’Rourke B E, Harada Y. Fatigue damage assessment of SUS316L using EBSD and PALS measurements. Mater Charact 154: 61–66 (2019)
Li Y, Parfitt D, Flewitt P E J, Hou X, Quinta de Fonseca J, Chen B. Microstructural considerations of enhanced tensile strength and mechanical constraint in a copper/stainless steel brazed joint. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct 796: 139992 (2020)
Dziaszyk S, Payton E J, Friedel F, Marx V, Eggeler G. On the characterization of recrystallized fraction using electron backscatter diffraction: A direct comparison to local hardness in an IF steel using nanoindentation. Mater Sci Eng A-Struct 527(29–30): 7854–7864 (2010)
Li Q H, Zhang C, Chen H, Chen H, Yang Z G. Microstructural evolution of a hypoeutectoid pearlite steel under rolling–sliding contact loading. J Iron Steel Res Int 23(10): 1054–1060 (2016)
Shen L Q, Luo P, Hu Y C, Bai H Y, Sun Y H, Sun B A, Liu Y H, Wang W H. Shear-band affected zone revealed by magnetic domains in a ferromagnetic metallic glass. Nat Commun 9: 4414 (2018)
Gain A K, Zhang L C, Lim S. Tribological behavior of Ti–6Al–4V alloy: Subsurface structure, damage mechanism and mechanical properties. Wear 464: 203551 (2021)
Zhang Q C, Chen X, Han Z. Subsurface morphological pattern, microstructure and wear response of Cu and Cu–Al alloys subjected to unidirectional and reciprocating sliding. Wear 462: 203521 (2020)
Kareer A, Tarleton E, Hardie C, Hainsworth S V, Wilkinson A J. Scratching the surface: Elastic rotations beneath nanoscratch and nanoindentation tests. Acta Mater 200: 116–126 (2020)
Xu Y L, Balint D S, Greiner C, Dini D. On the origin of plasticity-induced microstructure change under sliding contacts. Friction 11(3): 473–488 (2023)
232
Views
11
Downloads
0
Crossref
0
Web of Science
0
Scopus
0
CSCD
Altmetrics
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).