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Review Article | Open Access | Online First

Sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids produced by Ganoderma species: structural diversity, biosynthesis, organic synthesis, and bioactivities

Lu-Ying Wu1,†, Ping-Ping Wu1,†, Xia Cheng2( ), Yi-Ping Chen1( ), Qi Luo3,4( )
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan

†Lu-Ying Wu and Ping-Ping Wu contributed equally to this work.

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Highlights

(1) Seventy-four sesquiterpenoids and two diterpenoids are reviewed from Ganoderma species.

(2) Their classifications, biosynthetic pathways, chemical synthesis, and biological activities before August 2024.

(3) It is expected to become a source of natural drugs for the treatment of various diseases.

Abstract

Sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids discovered from Ganoderma species possess diverse chemical structures and biological activities. Among them, many highly active substances are widely used in food flavors, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, and have attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this study, we will summarize the structures of Ganoderma sesquiterpenoids (GSs) and Ganoderma diterpenoids (GDs), and their classifications, biosynthetic pathways, chemical synthesis, and biological activities before August 2024.

Graphical Abstract

We summarize the structures of Ganoderma sesquiterpenoids (GSs) and Ganoderma diterpenoids (GDs), and their classifications, biosynthetic pathways, chemical synthesis, and biological activities before August 2024.

Keywords

Ganodermasesquiterpenoidsditerpenoidsstructure classificationbioactivitiessynthesisbiosynthesis

References

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Food & Medicine Homology
DOI: 10.26599/FMH.2026.9420111

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Cite this article:
Wu L-Y, Wu P-P, Cheng X, et al. Sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids produced by Ganoderma species: structural diversity, biosynthesis, organic synthesis, and bioactivities. Food & Medicine Homology, 2025, https://doi.org/10.26599/FMH.2026.9420111

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Received: 13 September 2024
Revised: 28 September 2024
Accepted: 29 September 2024
Published: 30 May 2025
© National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology 2025. Published by Tsinghua University Press.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).