Extraction, structure and bioactivity of Tremella Fuciformis polysaccharides: A review

This review initiates with an exploration of the extraction, separation, and purification procedures involved in obtaining Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide(TFP). It proceeds by conducting a thorough examination of its physicochemical and structural characteristics, followed by a comparative analysis of various extraction methodologies. The interaction between TFP and a spectrum of macromolecules is subsequently scrutinized. Finally, the mechanisms underlying three key biological activities of TFP are comprehensively elucidated. Specifically, its antioxidative effects achieved through inhibition of the NFκB pathway and enhancement of SIRT1 expression, its hypoglycemic properties mediated by modulation of glucose metabolic enzymes and inhibition of gluconeogenesis, and its role in regulating intestinal flora by promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids and modulating the growth of flora. Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide emerges as a promising natural bioactive compound, characterized by its intricate molecular structure and diverse physiological benefits, thus warranting further scholarly investigation.