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Review | Open Access

Progress in passive daytime radiative cooling from spectral design to real application

Zhuojing Zhao#, Siming Zhao#, Jiaqi Xu#, Xueke Wu#, Zhenyu Guo, Ya Huang, Rufan Zhang( )
Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

#§ Zhuojing Zhao, Siming Zhao, Jiaqi Xu, and Xueke Wu contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is an attracting energy-saving cooling technology taking outer space as natural cold sink, however, there is still a gap between PDRC concept and practical application. In this review, we summarize the progress from spectral design in PDRC and provide practical guidelines for real and specific scenarios, aiming to provide a guideline for further development.

Abstract

High-performance cooling technology is increasingly critical due to the rising frequency of extremely hot weather caused by global warming. Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is an emerging zero-energy-consumption technology that provides sub-ambient cooling under strong solar conditions by emitting heat to the cold outer space (~ 3 K) while minimizing heat gain from solar irradiation. This technology has attracted wide attention and achieved huge progress in the past decade. Recently, extensive efforts have been devoted to constructing high-performance PDRC materials in various fields, such as thermal management of buildings, human comfort, equipment, and dynamic devices. However, there is still a big gap between the laboratory-reported PDRC materials and their practical applications because of their high costs, complex manufacturing processes, insufficient cooling performance, and potential nano- or micro-hazards. In this review, we summarized recent advancements in PDRC technology and focused on the spectral design, cooling mechanisms, and practical applications of PDRC materials. We also discussed the challenges and strategies for bridging the gap between academic research and real-world implementation. We hope that this review will provide more insight into the further development of advanced PDRC technologies.

Keywords

radiative coolingspectral designbuilding thermal managementhuman thermal managementswitchable radiative cooling

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Carbon Future
Volume 2 Issue 1,
March 2025
Article number: 9200033
DOI: 10.26599/CF.2025.9200033
Cite this article:
Zhao Z, Zhao S, Xu J, et al. Progress in passive daytime radiative cooling from spectral design to real application. Carbon Future, 2025, 2(1): 9200033. https://doi.org/10.26599/CF.2025.9200033

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Received: 26 October 2024
Revised: 07 January 2025
Accepted: 07 January 2025
Published: 26 February 2025
© The Author(s) 2025.

Open AccessThis article is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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