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Brain Science Advances 2023, 9(3): 182-194 https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2023.9050012
Review Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 05 September 2023

Winning algorithms in BCI Controlled Robot Contest in World Robot Contest 2022: BCI Turing Test

Show Author's Information Hangjie Yi1,2,  Dongjun Liu1,2,  Xuanyu Jin1,2,  Hangkui Zhang1,2,  Wanzeng Kong1,2( )
College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
Keywords:
motor imagery, Turing Test, steady-state visual evoked potential, electroencephalogram, brain–computer interfaces
Cite this article:
Yi H, Liu D, Jin X, et al. Winning algorithms in BCI Controlled Robot Contest in World Robot Contest 2022: BCI Turing Test. Brain Science Advances, 2023, 9(3): 182-194. https://doi.org/10.26599/BSA.2023.9050012
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Abstract Full text About this article

The Turing Test is a method of testing whether a machine has human intelligence. A novel brain–computer interface (BCI) Turing Test was proposed in the BCI Controlled Robot Contest in World Robot Contest 2022. Contestants developed algorithms that can distinguish if an instruction is issued by a human. Participants collaborated with an electroencephalogram-based BCI to play a soccer game in a virtual scenario. Participants were asked to perform steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) tasks or motor imagery (MI) tasks to control the robots or be in an idle state to mimic the system giving instructions on behalf of the participants. Several algorithms proposed in this competition are developed based on the concept that the idle state is a category in multiclass classification problems. This paper details the algorithms of the top five teams with the best performance in the final, lists the popular classification models and algorithms for MI and SSVEP, and discusses the effectiveness of each approach in improving classification performance and reducing the computation time.


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About this article

Winning algorithms in BCI Controlled Robot Contest in World Robot Contest 2022: BCI Turing Test

Show Author's information Hangjie Yi1,2, Dongjun Liu1,2, Xuanyu Jin1,2, Hangkui Zhang1,2, Wanzeng Kong1,2( )
College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China

Abstract

The Turing Test is a method of testing whether a machine has human intelligence. A novel brain–computer interface (BCI) Turing Test was proposed in the BCI Controlled Robot Contest in World Robot Contest 2022. Contestants developed algorithms that can distinguish if an instruction is issued by a human. Participants collaborated with an electroencephalogram-based BCI to play a soccer game in a virtual scenario. Participants were asked to perform steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) tasks or motor imagery (MI) tasks to control the robots or be in an idle state to mimic the system giving instructions on behalf of the participants. Several algorithms proposed in this competition are developed based on the concept that the idle state is a category in multiclass classification problems. This paper details the algorithms of the top five teams with the best performance in the final, lists the popular classification models and algorithms for MI and SSVEP, and discusses the effectiveness of each approach in improving classification performance and reducing the computation time.

Keywords: motor imagery, Turing Test, steady-state visual evoked potential, electroencephalogram, brain–computer interfaces

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Received: 28 February 2023
Revised: 18 April 2023
Accepted: 04 May 2023
Published: 05 September 2023
Issue date: September 2023

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© The authors 2023.

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