A Comprehensive Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications in the Photovoltaic Systems

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into photovoltaic (PV) systems has become a revolutionary approach to improving the efficiency, reliability, and predictability of solar power generation. In this paper, we explore the impact of AI technology on PV power generation systems and its applications from a global perspective. Central to the discussion are the pivotal applications of AI in maximum power point tracking (MPPT), power forecasting, and fault detection within the PV system. On the one hand, the integration with AI technology enables the optimization and improvement of the operational efficiency of PV systems. On the other hand, new challenges have been observed, mainly in the areas of data processing and model management. Moreover, advances in AI technology and hardware upgrades will lead to the rapid global popularization of new energy sources such as solar energy, which is expected to replace traditional energy sources. Finally, we describe forward-looking solutions including transfer learning, few-shot learning, and edge computing, as well as the state of the art.