Journal Home > Volume 4 , Issue 3
Intelligent and Converged Networks 2023, 4(3): 206-224 https://doi.org/10.23919/ICN.2023.0018
Open Access | Issue | Published: 30 September 2023

Relay-assisted wireless energy harvesting for multihop clustered IoT network

Show Author's Information B. Pavani1( ),  K. Venkata Subbareddy1,  L. Nirmala Devi1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India
Keywords:
Internet of Things (IoT), clustering, relay selection, energy management, cluster head selection
Cite this article:
Pavani B, Subbareddy KV, Devi LN. Relay-assisted wireless energy harvesting for multihop clustered IoT network. Intelligent and Converged Networks, 2023, 4(3): 206-224. https://doi.org/10.23919/ICN.2023.0018
Download citation
EndNote(RIS)
BibTeX

265

Views

54

Downloads

Citations

0

Crossref

N/A

WoS

0

Scopus

N/A

CSCD

Abstract Full text About this article

In large-scale networks such as the Internet of Things (IoT), devices seek multihop communication for long-distance communications, which considerably impacts their power exhaustion. Hence, this study proposes an energy harvesting-enabled, relay-based communication in multihop clustered IoT networks in a bid to conserve the battery power in multihop IoT networks. Initially, this study proposes an efficient, hierarchical clustering mechanism in which entire IoT devices are clustered into two types: the closest cluster (CC) and remote clusters (RCs). Additionally, Euclidean distance is employed for the CC and fuzzy c-means for the RCs. Next, for cluster head (CH) selection, this study models a fitness function based on two metrics, namely residual energy and distance (device-to-device distance and device-to-sink distance). After CH selection, the entire clustered network is partitioned into several layers, after which a relay selection mechanism is applied. For every CH of the upper layer, we assign a few lower-layer CHs to function as relays. The relay selection mechanism is applied only for the devices in the RCs, while for devices in the CC, the CH functions as a relay. Finally, several simulation experiments are conducted to validate the proposed method’s performance. The results show the method’s superiority in terms of energy efficiency and optimal number of relays in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

Relay-assisted wireless energy harvesting for multihop clustered IoT network

Show Author's information B. Pavani1( ), K. Venkata Subbareddy1, L. Nirmala Devi1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India

Abstract

In large-scale networks such as the Internet of Things (IoT), devices seek multihop communication for long-distance communications, which considerably impacts their power exhaustion. Hence, this study proposes an energy harvesting-enabled, relay-based communication in multihop clustered IoT networks in a bid to conserve the battery power in multihop IoT networks. Initially, this study proposes an efficient, hierarchical clustering mechanism in which entire IoT devices are clustered into two types: the closest cluster (CC) and remote clusters (RCs). Additionally, Euclidean distance is employed for the CC and fuzzy c-means for the RCs. Next, for cluster head (CH) selection, this study models a fitness function based on two metrics, namely residual energy and distance (device-to-device distance and device-to-sink distance). After CH selection, the entire clustered network is partitioned into several layers, after which a relay selection mechanism is applied. For every CH of the upper layer, we assign a few lower-layer CHs to function as relays. The relay selection mechanism is applied only for the devices in the RCs, while for devices in the CC, the CH functions as a relay. Finally, several simulation experiments are conducted to validate the proposed method’s performance. The results show the method’s superiority in terms of energy efficiency and optimal number of relays in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods.

Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), clustering, relay selection, energy management, cluster head selection

References(43)

[1]

T. Torfs, T. Sterken, S. Brebels, J. Santana, R. van den Hoven, V. Spiering, N. Bertsch, D. Trapani, and D. Zonta, Low power wireless sensor network for building monitoring, IEEE Sens. J., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 909–915, 2013.
DOI Google Scholar
[2]

J. E. Siegel, S. Kumar, and S. E. Sarma, The future Internet of Things: Secure, efficient, and model-based, IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 2386–2398, 2017.
DOI Google Scholar
[3]

J. N. Al-Karaki and A. E. Kamal, Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey, IEEE Wirel. Commun., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 6–28, 2004.
DOI Google Scholar
[4]

R. Yarinezhad, Reducing delay and prolonging the lifetime of wireless sensor network using efficient routing protocol based on mobile sink and virtual infrastructure, Ad Hoc Netw., vol. 84, pp. 42–55, 2019.
DOI Google Scholar
[5]

M. Wang, S. Wang, and B. Zhang, APTEEN routing protocol optimization in wireless sensor networks based on combination of genetic algorithms and fruit fly optimization algorithm, Ad Hoc Netw., vol. 102, p. 102138, 2020.
DOI Google Scholar
[6]

B. Baranidharan and B. Santhi, DUCF: Distributed load balancing Unequal Clustering in wireless sensor networks using Fuzzy approach, Appl. Soft Comput., vol. 40, pp. 495–506, 2016.
DOI Google Scholar
[7]

K. Guleria and A. K. Verma, Comprehensive review for energy efficient hierarchical routing protocols on wireless sensor networks, Wirel. Netw., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 1159–1183, 2019.
DOI Google Scholar
[8]
H. M. Hassan and R. Priyadarshini, Optimization techniques for IoT using adaptive clustering, in Proc. 2021 Int. Conf. Computing, Communication, and Intelligent Systems (ICCCIS), Greater Noida, India, 2021, pp. 766–771.
DOI
[9]

K. Guleria and A. K. Verma, Meta-heuristic ant colony optimization based unequal clustering for wireless sensor network, Wirel. Pers. Commun. Int. J., vol. 105, no. 3, pp. 891–911, 2019.
DOI Google Scholar
[10]

U. Uyoata, J. Mwangama, and R. Adeogun, Relaying in the Internet of Things (IoT): A survey, IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 132675–132704, 2021.
DOI Google Scholar
[11]

A. Chugh and S. Panda, Strengthening clustering through relay nodes in sensor networks, Procedia Comput. Sci., vol. 132, pp. 689–695, 2018.
DOI Google Scholar
[12]

M. Bukhsh, S. Abdullah, A. Rahman, M. N. Asghar, H. Arshad, and A. Alabdulatif, An energy-aware, highly available, and fault-tolerant method for reliable IoT systems, IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 145363–145381, 2021.
DOI Google Scholar
[13]

J. Tang, B. Hao, and A. Sen, Relay node placement in large scale wireless sensor networks, Comput. Commun., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 490–501, 2006.
DOI Google Scholar
[14]

F. Senel and M. Younis, Relay node placement in structurally damaged wireless sensor networks via triangular steiner tree approximation, Comput. Commun., vol. 34, no. 16, pp. 1932–1941, 2011.
DOI Google Scholar
[15]

R. Magán-Carrión, J. Camacho, P. García-Teodoro, E. F. Flushing, and G. A. Di Caro, A Dynamical Relay node placement solution for MANETs, Comput. Commun., vol. 114, pp. 36–50, 2017.
DOI Google Scholar
[16]

A. Shukla and S. Tripathi, A multi-tier based clustering framework for scalable and energy efficient WSN-assisted IoT network, Wirel. Netw., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 3471–3493, 2020.
DOI Google Scholar
[17]
G. Pius Agbulu, G. Joselin Retna Kumar, and A. Vimala Juliet, A lifetime-enhancing cooperative data gathering and relaying algorithm for cluster-based wireless sensor networks, Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw., vol. 16, no. 2, p. 155014771990011, 2020.
DOI
[18]

P. Suman Prakash, D. Kavitha, and P. Chenna Reddy, Delay-aware relay node selection for cluster-based wireless sensor networks, Meas. Sens., vol. 24, p. 100403, 2022.
DOI Google Scholar
[19]

X. Luo, C. Zhang, and L. Bai, A fixed clustering protocol based on random relay strategy for EHWSN, Digit. Commun. Netw., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 90–100, 2023.
DOI Google Scholar
[20]

K. A. Darabkh, N. J. Al-Maaitah, I. F. Jafar, and A. F. Khalifeh, EA-CRP: A novel energy-aware clustering and routing protocol in wireless sensor networks, Comput. Electr. Eng., vol. 72, pp. 702–718, 2018.
DOI Google Scholar
[21]

A. Shukla and S. Tripathi, An effective relay node selection technique for energy efficient WSN-assisted IoT, Wirel. Pers. Commun., vol. 112, no. 4, pp. 2611–2641, 2020.
DOI Google Scholar
[22]

K. Jaiswal and V. Anand, A Grey-Wolf based Optimized Clustering approach to improve QoS in wireless sensor networks for IoT applications, Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1943–1962, 2021.
DOI Google Scholar
[23]

H. Lin, L. Wang, and R. Kong, Energy efficient clustering protocol for large-scale sensor networks, IEEE Sens. J., vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 7150–7160, 2015.
DOI Google Scholar
[24]

P. K. Barik, C. Singhal, and R. Datta, An efficient data transmission scheme through 5G D2D-enabled relays in wireless sensor networks, Comput. Commun., vol. 168, pp. 102–113, 2021.
DOI Google Scholar
[25]

Y. Zhang, L. Liu, M. Wang, J. Wu, and H. Huang, An improved routing protocol for raw data collection in multihop wireless sensor networks, Comput. Commun., vol. 188, no. C, pp. 66–80, 2022.
DOI Google Scholar
[26]

N. Ashraf, S. A. Sheikh, S. Ahmad Khan, I. Shayea, and M. Jalal, Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer with cooperative relaying for next-generation wireless networks: A review, IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 71482–71504, 2021.
DOI Google Scholar
[27]

M. Mao, N. Cao, Y. Chen, and Y. Zhou, Multi-hop relaying using energy harvesting, IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 565–568, 2015.
DOI Google Scholar
[28]

E. Chen, M. Xia, D. B. da Costa, and S. Aïssa, Multi-hop cooperative relaying with energy harvesting from cochannel interferences, IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 1199–1202, 2017.
DOI Google Scholar
[29]

D. K. P. Asiedu, H. Lee, and K. J. Lee, Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer for decode-and-forward multihop relay systems in energy-constrained IoT networks, IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 9413–9426, 2019.
DOI Google Scholar
[30]

Q. Wu, X. Zhou, Q. Cao, and H. Fang, Multihop capability analysis in wireless information and power transfer multirelay cooperative networks, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput., vol. 2018, pp. 1–12, 2018.
DOI Google Scholar
[31]
S. Wang, L. Ma, and W. Wu, An optimal energy-efficient transmission design for SWIPT systems in WSNs, in Proc. 2021 Int. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC), Harbin, China, 2021, pp. 664–668.
DOI
[32]

S. Han, X. M. Liu, H. Y. Huang, F. Wang, and Y. H. Zhong, Research on energy-efficient routing algorithm based on SWIPT in multi-hop clustered WSN for 5G system, EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw., vol. 2021, no. 1, pp. 1–26, 2021.
DOI Google Scholar
[33]

S. B. Babruvhan and B. M. Thippeswamy, Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer with a cooperative relay in wireless sensor network, Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Sci. Electron., vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 108–113, 2016.
Google Scholar
[34]

B. Pavani, L. N. Devi, and K. V. Subbareddy, Energy enhancement and efficient route selection mechanism using H-SWIPT for multi-hop IoT networks, Intell. Converged Netw., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 173–189, 2022.
DOI Google Scholar
[35]
A. S. Raghuvanshi, S. Tiwari, R. Tripathi, and N. Kishor, Optimal number of clusters in wireless sensor networks: An FCM approach, in Proc. 2010 Int. Conf. Computer and Communication Technology (ICCCT), Allahabad, India, 2010, pp. 817–823.
DOI
[36]
D. E. Gustafson and W. C. Kessel, Fuzzy clustering with a fuzzy covariance matrix, in Proc. 1978 IEEE Conf. Decision and Control, 17th Symp. Adaptive Processes, San Diego, CA, USA, 2007, pp. 761–766.
DOI
[37]
M. S. Yang, A survey of fuzzy clustering, Math. Comput. Model. Int. J., vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 1–16, 1993.
DOI
[38]

A. Panchal and R. K. Singh, EHCR-FCM: Energy efficient hierarchical clustering and routing using fuzzy C-means for wireless sensor networks, Telecommun. Syst., vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 251–263, 2021.
DOI Google Scholar
[39]

Q. Ni, Q. Pan, H. Du, C. Cao, and Y. Zhai, A novel cluster head selection algorithm based on fuzzy clustering and particle swarm optimization, IEEE/ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinform., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 76–84, 2017.
DOI Google Scholar
[40]

S. M. M. H. Daneshvar, P. Alikhah Ahari Mohajer, and S. M. Mazinani, Energy-efficient routing in WSN: A centralized cluster-based approach via grey wolf optimizer, IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 170019–170031, 2019.
DOI Google Scholar
[41]
D. C. Hoang, R. Kumar, and S. K. Panda, Fuzzy C-Means clustering protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks, in Proc. 2010 IEEE Int. Symp. on Industrial Electronics, Bari, Italy, 2010, pp. 3477–3482.
DOI
[42]
N. Wang and H. Zhu, An energy efficient algrithm based on LEACH protocol, in Proc. 2012 Int. Conf. Computer Science and Electronics Engineering, Hangzhou, China, 2012, pp. 339–342.
DOI
[43]

N. Kumar and D. P. Vidyarthi, A green routing algorithm for IoT-enabled software defined wireless sensor network, IEEE Sens. J., vol. 18, no. 22, pp. 9449–9460, 2018.
DOI Google Scholar
Publication history
Copyright
Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 23 January 2023
Revised: 12 May 2023
Accepted: 30 May 2023
Published: 30 September 2023
Issue date: September 2023

Copyright

© All articles included in the journal are copyrighted to the ITU and TUP.

Rights and permissions

This work is available under the CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO license:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/

Return