Cervical cancer burden and trends in China, 2000–2020: Asia-Pacific international comparisons and insights for elimination goals

Cervical cancer is a growing concern in China, especially among women who reside in rural areas and older women. Understanding age- and region-specific trends in cervical cancer is vital for informing policy and assessing progress toward WHO elimination targets.

The 2000–2020 data from 22 long-standing registries contributing to the China national cancer registry was analyzed to estimate age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (ASIR and ASMR, respectively). Joinpoint regression yielded an average annual percentage change (AAPC) stratified by age group (<35, 35–64, 65–74, and ≥75 y) and by urban-rural area. The comparative analysis included GLOBOCAN Overtime data from selected Asia-Pacific countries.

The ASIR tripled in China between 2000 and 2020 before stabilizing (AAPC = 6.5%), while the ASMR rose steadily (AAPC = 3.9%). The urban incidence declined after 2009 among women <35 y, while rural trends were broadly stable. The ASIR and ASMR increased in urban areas among women 35–64 y of age, while rural areas had a rising ASIR and a stable ASMR, suggesting potential screening effects. In contrast, women ≥65 y of age had a steadily increasing incidence and mortality in rural and urban areas. Australia and Republic of Korea had consistent declines in the ASIRs and ASMRs compared to other Asia-Pacific countries, whereas Japan exhibited rising trends. The Philippines experienced a surge in mortality rates, despite incidence rates remaining stable or declining.

The cervical cancer burden in China has begun to plateau but large disparities persist by age and geography. To achieve elimination of cervical cancer, it is imperative to implement tailored strategies that prioritize the urgent expansion of HPV vaccination programs, the deployment of high-efficacy screening methods, and the universal access to treatment throughout the nation.