AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Cancer Biology & Medicine Article
PDF (3.3 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Review | Open Access

Development of glioblastoma organoids and their applications in personalized therapy

Can Xu1,*, Xiaoye Yuan2,*, Pengyu Hou2, Ziru Li2, Changsheng Wang1, Chuan Fang1,3 ( ), Yanli Tan2,3,4 ( )
School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China
Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma, Baoding 071000, China
Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 07100, China

*These authors contributed equally to this work.

Show Author Information

Abstract

Glioblastomas(GBMs) are the brain tumors with the highest malignancy and poorest prognoses. GBM is characterized by high heterogeneity and resistance to drug treatment. Organoids are 3-dimensional cultures that are constructed in vitro and comprise cell types highly similar to those in organs or tissues in vivo, thus simulating specific structures and physiological functions of organs. Organoids have been technically developed into an advanced ex vivo disease model used in basic and preclinical research on tumors. Brain organoids, which simulate the brain microenvironment while preserving tumor heterogeneity, have been used to predict patients' therapeutic responses to antitumor drugs, thus enabling a breakthrough in glioma research. GBM organoids provide an effective supplementary model that reflects human tumors' biological characteristics and functions in vitro more directly and accurately than traditional experimental models. Therefore, GBM organoids are widely applicable in disease mechanism research, drug development and screening, and glioma precision treatments. This review focuses on the development of various GBM organoid models and their applications in identifying new individualized therapies against drug-resistant GBM.

Keywords

drug screeningGlioblastomaorganoidsglioma stem cell

References

1

Ballard DH, Boyer CJ, Alexander JS. Organoids-preclinical models of human disease. N Engl J Med. 2019; 380: 1981-2.
Crossref Google Scholar
2

Blue R, Miranda SP, Gu BJ, Chen HI. A primer on human brain organoids for the neurosurgeon. Neurosurgery. 2020; 87: 620-9.
Crossref Google Scholar
3

Xu X, Li L, Luo L, Shu L, Si X, Chen Z, et al. Opportunities and challenges of glioma organoids. Cell Commun Signal. 2021; 19: 102.
Crossref Google Scholar
4

Tirosh I, Suva ML. Tackling the many facets of glioblastoma heterogeneity. Cell Stem Cell. 2020; 26: 303-4.
Crossref Google Scholar
5

Tao M, Wu X. The role of patient-derived ovarian cancer organoids in the study of PARP inhibitors sensitivity and resistance: from genomic analysis to functional testing. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2021; 40: 338.
Crossref Google Scholar
6

Chai C, Ji P, Xu H, Tang H, Wang Z, Zhang H, et al. Targeting cancer drug resistance utilizing organoid technology. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022; 158: 114098.
Crossref Google Scholar
7

Lee J, Kotliarova S, Kotliarov Y, Li A, Su Q, Donin NM, et al. Tumor stem cells derived from glioblastomas cultured in bFGF and EGFmore closely mirror the phenotype and genotype of primary tumors than do serum-cultured cell lines. Cancer Cell. 2006; 9: 391-403.
Crossref Google Scholar
8

Xie Y, Bergstrom T, Jiang Y, Johansson P, Marinescu VD, Lindberg N, et al. The human glioblastoma cell culture resource: validated cell models representing all molecular subtypes. EBio Medicine. 2015; 2: 1351-63.
Crossref Google Scholar
9

Stringer BW, Day BW, D'Souza RCJ, Jamieson PR, Ensbey KS, Bruce ZC, et al. A reference collection of patient-derived cell line and xenograft models of proneural, classical and mesenchymal glioblastoma. Sci Rep. 2019; 9: 4902.
Crossref Google Scholar
10

Linkous A, Balamatsias D, Snuderl M, Edwards L, Miyaguchi K, Milner T, et al. Modeling patient-derived glioblastoma with cerebral organoids. Cell Rep. 2019; 26: 3203-11.e5.
Crossref Google Scholar
11

Musah-Eroje A, Watson S. A novel 3D in vitro model of glioblastoma reveals resistance to temozolomide which was potentiated by hypoxia. J Neurooncol. 2019; 142: 231-40.
Crossref Google Scholar
12

Darrigues E, Zhao EH, De Loose A, Lee MP, Borrelli MJ, Eoff RL, et al. Biobanked glioblastoma patient-derived organoids as a precision medicine model to study inhibition of invasion. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22: 10720.
Crossref Google Scholar
13

Lancaster MA, Renner M, Martin CA, Wenzel D, Bicknell LS, Hurles ME, et al. Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly. Nature. 2013; 501: 373-9.
Crossref Google Scholar
14

Lancaster MA, Knoblich JA. Generation of cerebral organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc. 2014; 9: 2329-40.
Crossref Google Scholar
15

Park S, Avera AD, Kim Y. Biomanufacturing of glioblastoma organoids exhibiting hierarchical and spatially organized tumor microenvironment via transdifferentiation. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2022; 119: 3252-74.
Crossref Google Scholar
16

Joseph JV, Blaavand MS, Daubon T, Kruyt FA, Thomsen MK. Three-dimensional culture models to study glioblastoma-current trends and future perspectives. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2021; 61: 91-7.
Crossref Google Scholar
17

Ogawa J, Pao GM, Shokhirev MN, Verma IM. Glioblastoma model using human cerebral organoids. Cell Rep. 2018; 23: 1220-9.
Crossref Google Scholar
18

Bian S, Repic M, Guo Z, Kavirayani A, Burkard T, Bagley JA, et al. Genetically engineered cerebral organoids model brain tumor formation. Nat Methods. 2018; 15: 631-9.
Crossref Google Scholar
19
Loong HH, Wong AM, Chan DT, Cheung MS, Chow C, Ding X, et al. Patient-derived tumor organoid predicts drugs response in glioblastoma: a step forward in personalized cancer therapy?J Clin Neurosci. 2020; 78: 400-2.
Crossref
20

Hwang JW, Loisel-Duwattez J, Desterke C, Latsis T, Pagliaro S, Griscelli F, et al. A novel neuronal organoid model mimicking glioblastoma(GBM) features from induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSC). Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2020; 1864: 129540.
Crossref Google Scholar
21

Rybin MJ, Ivan ME, Ayad NG, Zeier Z. Organoid models of glioblastoma and their role in drug discovery. Front Cell Neurosci. 2021; 15: 605255.
Crossref Google Scholar
22

Hubert CG, Rivera M, Spangler LC, Wu Q, Mack SC, Prager BC, et al. A three-dimensional organoid culture system derived from human glioblastomas recapitulates the hypoxic gradients and cancer stem cell heterogeneity of tumors found in vivo. Cancer Res. 2016; 76: 2465-77.
Crossref Google Scholar
23

Jacob F, Salinas RD, Zhang DY, Nguyen PTT, Schnoll JG, Wong SZH, et al. A patient-derived glioblastoma organoid model and biobank recapitulates inter-and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Cell. 2020; 180: 188-204.e22.
Crossref Google Scholar
24

Yang H, Zhang N, Liu YC. An organoids biobank for recapitulating tumor heterogeneity and personalized medicine. Chin J Cancer Res. 2020; 32: 408-13.
Crossref Google Scholar
25

Linkous A, Fine HA. Generating patient-derived gliomas within cerebral organoids. STAR Protoc. 2020; 1: 100008.
Crossref Google Scholar
26

Liang L, Cui R, Zhong S, Wang Z, He Z, Duan H, et al. Analysis of the potential role of photocurable hydrogel in patient-derived glioblastoma organoid culture through RNA sequencing. Biomater Sci. 2022; 10: 4902-14.
Crossref Google Scholar
27

Oudin A, Baus V, Barthelemy V, Fabian C, Klein E, Dieterle M, et al. Protocol for derivation of organoids and patient-derived orthotopic xenografts from glioma patient tumors. STAR Protoc. 2021; 2: 100534.
Crossref Google Scholar
28

Chen CC, Li HW, Wang YL, Lee CC, Shen YC, Hsieh CY, et al. Patient-derived tumor organoids as a platform of precision treatment for malignant brain tumors. Sci Rep. 2022; 12: 16399.
Crossref Google Scholar
29

Golebiewska A, Hau AC, Oudin A, Stieber D, Yabo YA, Baus V, et al. Patient-derived organoids and orthotopic xenografts of primary and recurrent gliomas represent relevant patient avatars for precision oncology. Acta Neuropathol. 2020; 140: 919-49.
Crossref Google Scholar
30

Zhang L, Liu F, Weygant N, Zhang J, Hu P, Qin Z, et al. A novel integrated system using patient-derived glioma cerebral organoids and xenografts for disease modeling and drug screening. Cancer Lett. 2021; 500: 87-97.
Crossref Google Scholar
31

da Silva B, Mathew RK, Polson ES, Williams J, Wurdak H. Spontaneous glioblastoma spheroid infiltration of early-stage cerebral organoids models brain tumor invasion. SLAS Discov. 2018; 23: 862-8.
Crossref Google Scholar
32

Gomez GA, Oksdath M, Brown MP, Ebert LM. New approaches to model glioblastoma in vitro using brain organoids: implications for precision oncology. Transl Cancer Res. 2019; 8: S606-11.
Crossref Google Scholar
33

Krieger TG, Tirier SM, Park J, Jechow K, Eisemann T, Peterziel H, et al. Modeling glioblastoma invasion using human brain organoids and single-cell transcriptomics. Neuro Oncol. 2020; 22: 1138-49.
Crossref Google Scholar
34

Fawal MA, Jungas T, Davy A. Inhibition of DHFR targets the self-renewing potential of brain tumor initiating cells. Cancer Lett. 2021; 503: 129-37.
Crossref Google Scholar
35

Weth FR, Peng L, Paterson E, Tan ST, Gray C. Utility of the cerebral organoid glioma'GLICO'model for screening applications. Cells. 2022; 12: 153.
Crossref Google Scholar
36

Gomez-Oliva R, Dominguez-Garcia S, Carrascal L, AbalosMartinez J, Pardillo-Diaz R, Verastegui C, et al. Evolution of experimental models in the study of glioblastoma: toward finding efficient treatments. Front Oncol. 2020; 10: 614295.
Crossref Google Scholar
37

Ma X, Liu J, Zhu W, Tang M, Lawrence N, Yu C, et al. 3D bioprinting of functional tissue models for personalized drug screening and in vitro disease modeling. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2018; 132: 235-51.
Crossref Google Scholar
38

Yi HG, Jeong YH, Kim Y, Choi YJ, Moon HE, Park SH, et al. Abioprinted human-glioblastoma-on-a-chip for the identification of patient-specific responses to chemoradiotherapy. Nat Biomed Eng. 2019; 3: 509-19.
Crossref Google Scholar
39

Hermida MA, Kumar JD, Schwarz D, Laverty KG, Di Bartolo A, Ardron M, et al. Three dimensional in vitro models of cancer: bioprinting multilineage glioblastoma models. Adv Biol Regul. 2020; 75: 100658.
Crossref Google Scholar
40

Xiao W, Zhang R, Sohrabi A, Ehsanipour A, Sun S, Liang J, et al. Brain-mimetic 3D culture platforms allow investigation of cooperative effects of extracellular matrix features on therapeutic resistance in glioblastoma. Cancer Res. 2018; 78: 1358-70.
Crossref Google Scholar
41

Maloney E, Clark C, Sivakumar H, Yoo K, Aleman J, Rajan SAP, et al. Immersion bioprinting of tumor organoids in multiwell plates for increasing chemotherapy screening throughput. Micromachines(Basel). 2020; 11: 208.
Crossref Google Scholar
42

Tang M, Xie Q, Gimple RC, Zhong Z, Tam T, Tian J, et al. Threedimensional bioprinted glioblastoma microenvironments model cellular dependencies and immune interactions. Cell Res. 2020; 30: 833-53.
Crossref Google Scholar
43

van Pel DM, Harada K, Song D, Naus CC, Sin WC. Modelling glioma invasion using 3D bioprinting and scaffold-free 3D culture. J Cell Commun Signal. 2018; 12: 723-30.
Crossref Google Scholar
44

Murphy SV, Atala A. 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Nat Biotechnol. 2014; 32: 773-85.
Crossref Google Scholar
45

Zhang I, Lepine P, Han C, Lacalle-Aurioles M, Chen CX, Haag R, et al. Nanotherapeutic modulation of human neural cells and glioblastoma in organoids and monocultures. Cells. 2020; 9: 2434.
Crossref Google Scholar
46

Shakya S, Gromovsky AD, Hale JS, Knudsen AM, Prager B, Wallace LC, et al. Altered lipid metabolism marks glioblastoma stem and non-stem cells in separate tumor niches. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2021; 9: 101.
Crossref Google Scholar
47

Liu SJ, Malatesta M, Lien BV, Saha P, Thombare SS, Hong SJ, et al. CRISPRi-based radiation modifier screen identifies long noncoding RNA therapeutic targets in glioma. Genome Biol. 2020; 21: 83.
Crossref Google Scholar
48

Kim HM, Lee SH, Lim J, Yoo J, Hwang DY. The epidermal growth factor receptor variant type III mutation frequently found in gliomas induces astrogenesis in human cerebral organoids. Cell Prolif. 2021; 54: e12965.
Crossref Google Scholar
49

Antonica F, Santomaso L, Pernici D, Petrucci L, Aiello G, Cutarelli A, et al. A slow-cycling/quiescent cells subpopulation is involved in glioma invasiveness. Nat Commun. 2022; 13: 4767.
Crossref Google Scholar
50

Tejero R, Huang Y, Katsyv I, Kluge M, Lin JY, Tome-Garcia J, et al. Gene signatures of quiescent glioblastoma cells reveal mesenchymal shift and interactions with niche microenvironment. EBio Medicine. 2019; 42: 252-69.
Crossref Google Scholar
51

Zhang K, Liu X, Li G, Chang X, Li S, Chen J, et al. Clinical management and survival outcomes of patients with different molecular subtypes of diffuse gliomas in China(2011-2017): a multicenter retrospective study from CGGA. Cancer Biol Med. 2022; 19: 1460-76.
Crossref Google Scholar
52

Bleijs M, van de Wetering M, Clevers H, Drost J. Xenograft and organoid model systems in cancer research. EMBO J. 2019; 38: e101654.
Crossref Google Scholar
53

Azzarelli R. Organoid models of glioblastoma to study brain tumor stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020; 8: 220.
Crossref Google Scholar
54

Zhang C, Jin M, Zhao J, Chen J, Jin W. Organoid models of glioblastoma: advances, applications and challenges. Am J Cancer Res. 2020; 10: 2242-57.
Google Scholar
55

Clevers H. Modeling development and disease with organoids. Cell. 2016; 165: 1586-97.
Crossref Google Scholar
56

Wei S, Yin D, Yu S, Lin X, Savani MR, Du K, et al. Antitumor activity of a mitochondrial-targeted HSP90 inhibitor in gliomas. Clin Cancer Res. 2022; 28: 2180-95.
Crossref Google Scholar
57

Jermakowicz AM, Rybin MJ, Suter RK, Sarkaria JN, Zeier Z, Feng Y, et al. The novel BET inhibitor UM-002 reduces glioblastoma cell proliferation and invasion. Sci Rep. 2021; 11: 23370.
Crossref Google Scholar
58

Bayat N, Izadpanah R, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Norouzi Javidan A, Ai A, Mokhtari Ardakan MM, et al. The anti-angiogenic effect of atorvastatin in glioblastoma spheroids tumor cultured in fibrin gel: in 3D in vitro model. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018; 19: 2553-60.
Google Scholar
59

Reed MR, Lyle AG, De Loose A, Maddukuri L, Learned K, Beale HC, et al. A functional precision medicine pipeline combines comparative transcriptomics and tumor organoid modeling to identify bespoke treatment strategies for glioblastoma. Cells. 2021; 10: 3400.
Crossref Google Scholar
60

Yi C, Li G, Ivanov DN, Wang Z, Velasco MX, Hernandez G, et al. Luteolin inhibits Musashi1 binding to RNA and disrupts cancer phenotypes in glioblastoma cells. RNA Biol. 2018; 15: 1420-32.
Crossref Google Scholar
61

Lenin S, Ponthier E, Scheer KG, Yeo ECF, Tea MN, Ebert LM, et al. A drug screening pipeline using 2D and 3D patient-derived in vitro models for pre-clinical analysis of therapy response in glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22: 4322.
Crossref Google Scholar
62

Urbaniak A, Reed MR, Heflin B, Gaydos J, Pina-Oviedo S, Jedrzejczyk M, et al. Anti-glioblastoma activity of monensin and its analogs in an organoid model of cancer. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022; 153: 113440.
Crossref Google Scholar
63

Jacob F, Ming GL, Song H. Generation and biobanking of patientderived glioblastoma organoids and their application in CAR T cell testing. Nat Protoc. 2020; 15: 4000-33.
Crossref Google Scholar
64

Schnalzger TE, de Groot MH, Zhang C, Mosa MH, Michels BE, Roder J, et al. 3D model for CAR-mediated cytotoxicity using patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids. EMBO J. 2019; 38: e100928.
Crossref Google Scholar
65

Balyasnikova IV, Zannikou M, Wang G, Li Y, Duffy JT, Levine RN, et al. Indocarbocyanine nanoparticles extravasate and distribute better than liposomes in brain tumors. J Control Release. 2022; 349: 413-24.
Crossref Google Scholar
66

Ruiz-Garcia H, Alvarado-Estrada K, Schiapparelli P, QuinonesHinojosa A, Trifiletti DM. Engineering three-dimensional tumor models to study glioma cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment. Front Cell Neurosci. 2020; 14: 558381.
Crossref Google Scholar
67

Mariappan A, Goranci-Buzhala G, Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R, Gopalakrishnan J. Trends and challenges in modeling glioma using3D human brain organoids. Cell Death Differ. 2021; 28: 15-23.
Crossref Google Scholar
68

Benitez JA, Finlay D, Castanza A, Parisian AD, Ma J, Longobardi C, et al. PTEN deficiency leads to proteasome addiction: a novel vulnerability in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol. 2021; 23: 1072-86.
Crossref Google Scholar
69

Goranci-Buzhala G, Mariappan A, Ricci-Vitiani L, Josipovic N, Pacioni S, Gottardo M, et al. Cilium induction triggers differentiation of glioma stem cells. Cell Rep. 2021; 36: 109656.
Crossref Google Scholar
70

Innes JA, Lowe AS, Fonseca R, Aley N, El-Hassan T, Constantinou M, et al. Phenotyping clonal populations of glioma stem cell reveals a high degree of plasticity in response to changes of microenvironment. Lab Invest. 2022; 102: 172-84.
Crossref Google Scholar
71

Zhu Z, Mesci P, Bernatchez JA, Gimple RC, Wang X, Schafer ST, et al. Zika virus targets glioblastoma stem cells through a SOX2-integrin alpha(v)beta(5) axis. Cell Stem Cell. 2020; 26: 187-204.e10.
Crossref Google Scholar
72

Zhao R, Li B, Zhang S, He Z, Pan Z, Guo Q, et al. The N(6)-methyladenosine-modified pseudogene HSPA7 correlates with the tumor microenvironment and predicts the response to immune checkpoint therapy in glioblastoma. Front Immunol. 2021; 12: 653711.
Crossref Google Scholar
73

Majc B, Novak M, Lah TT, Krizaj I. Bioactive peptides from venoms against glioma progression. Front Oncol. 2022; 12: 965882.
Crossref Google Scholar
74

Ye E, Lee JE, Lim YS, Yang SH, Park SM. Effect of duty cycles of tumor-treating fields on glioblastoma cells and normal brain organoids. Int J Oncol. 2022; 60: 8.
Crossref Google Scholar
75

Gamboa CM, Jara K, Pamarthy S, Liu L, Aiken R, Xiong Z, et al. Generation of glioblastoma patient-derived organoids and mouse brain orthotopic xenografts for drug screening. STAR Protoc. 2021; 2: 100345.
Crossref Google Scholar
76

Lee CT, Bendriem RM, Wu WW, Shen RF. 3D brain organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells: promising experimental models for brain development and neurodegenerative disorders. JBiomed Sci. 2017; 24: 59.
Crossref Google Scholar
77

Kelava I, Lancaster MA. Dishing out mini-brains: current progress and future prospects in brain organoid research. Dev Biol. 2016; 420: 199-209.
Crossref Google Scholar
78

Silvia N, Dai G. Cerebral organoids as a model for glioblastoma multiforme. Curr Opin Biomed Eng. 2020; 13: 152-9.
Crossref Google Scholar
79

Cakir B, Xiang Y, Tanaka Y, Kural MH, Parent M, Kang YJ, et al. Engineering of human brain organoids with a functional vascularlike system. Nat Methods. 2019; 16: 1169-75.
Crossref Google Scholar
80

Pham MT, Pollock KM, Rose MD, Cary WA, Stewart HR, Zhou P, et al. Generation of human vascularized brain organoids. Neuroreport. 2018; 29: 588-93.
Crossref Google Scholar
81

Yan HHN, Siu HC, Law S, Ho SL, Yue SSK, Tsui WY, et al. Acomprehensive human gastric cancer organoid biobank captures tumor subtype heterogeneity and enables therapeutic screening. Cell Stem Cell. 2018; 23: 882-97.
Crossref Google Scholar
82

Gao D, Vela I, Sboner A, Iaquinta PJ, Karthaus WR, Gopalan A, et al. Organoid cultures derived from patients with advanced prostate cancer. Cell. 2014; 159: 176-87.
Crossref Google Scholar
83

Seino T, Kawasaki S, Shimokawa M, Tamagawa H, Toshimitsu K, Fujii M, et al. Human pancreatic tumor organoids reveal loss of stem cell niche factor dependence during disease progression. Cell Stem Cell. 2018; 22: 454-67.
Crossref Google Scholar
84

Broutier L, Mastrogiovanni G, Verstegen MM, Francies HE, Gavarro LM, Bradshaw CR, et al. Human primary liver cancerderived organoid cultures for disease modeling and drug screening. Nat Med. 2017; 23: 1424-35.
Crossref Google Scholar
85

Ham O, Jin YB, Kim J, Lee MO. Blood vessel formation in cerebral organoids formed from human embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020; 521: 84-90.
Crossref Google Scholar
86

Klein E, Hau AC, Oudin A, Golebiewska A, Niclou SP. Glioblastoma organoids: pre-clinical applications and challenges in the context of immunotherapy. Front Oncol. 2020; 10: 604121.
Crossref Google Scholar
87

Maomao C, He L, Dianqin S, Siyi H, Xinxin Y, Fan Y, et al. Current cancer burden in China: epidemiology, etiology, and prevention. Cancer Biol Med. 2022; 19: 1121-38.
Crossref Google Scholar
88

Yang H, Wang Y, Wang P, Zhang N, Wang P. Tumor organoids for cancer research and personalized medicine. Cancer Biol Med. 2021; 19: 319-32.
Crossref Google Scholar
89

Venkatesh HS, Morishita W, Geraghty AC, Silverbush D, Gillespie SM, Arzt M, et al. Electrical and synaptic integration of glioma into neural circuits. Nature. 2019; 573: 539-45.
Crossref Google Scholar
90

Schonrock A, Heinzelmann E, Steffl B, Demirdizen E, Narayanan A, Krunic D, et al. MEOX2 homeobox gene promotes growth of malignant gliomas. Neuro Oncol. 2022; 24: 1911-24.
Crossref Google Scholar
91

Heinrich MA, Bansal R, Lammers T, Zhang YS, Michel Schiffelers R, Prakash J. 3D-bioprinted mini-brain: a glioblastoma model to study cellular interactions and therapeutics. Adv Mater. 2019; 31: e1806590.
Crossref Google Scholar
92

Ruiz-Garcia H, Zarco N, Watanabe F, De Araujo Farias V, SuarezMeade P, Guerrero-Cazares H, et al. Development of experimental three-dimensional tumor models to study glioblastoma cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment. Methods Mol Biol. 2023; 2572: 117-27.
Crossref Google Scholar
93

Che J, De Palma TJ, Sivakumar H, Mezache LS, Tallman MM, Venere M, et al. αCT1 peptide sensitizes glioma cells to temozolomide in a glioblastoma organoid platform. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2023; 120: 1108-19.
Crossref Google Scholar
94

Pernik MN, Bird CE, Traylor JI, Shi DD, Richardson TE, McBrayer SK, et al. Patient-derived cancer organoids for precision oncology treatment. J Pers Med. 2021; 11: 423.
Crossref Google Scholar
95

Ratliff M, Kim H, Qi H, Kim M, Ku B, Azorin DD, et al. Patientderived tumor organoids for guidance of personalized drug therapies in recurrent glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23: 6572.
Crossref Google Scholar
96

Le Blanc VG, Trinh DL, Aslanpour S, Hughes M, Livingstone D, Jin D, et al. Single-cell landscapes of primary glioblastomas and matched explants and cell lines show variable retention of interand intratumor heterogeneity. Cancer Cell. 2022; 40: 379-92.
Crossref Google Scholar
Cancer Biology & Medicine
Volume 20 Issue 5,
May 2023
Pages 353-368
DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0061
Cite this article:
Xu C, Yuan X, Hou P, et al. Development of glioblastoma organoids and their applications in personalized therapy. Cancer Biology & Medicine, 2023, 20(5): 353-368. https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0061

495

Views

17

Downloads

4

Crossref

5

Web of Science

4

Scopus

Altmetrics
Received: 26 February 2023
Accepted: 07 May 2023
Published: 05 June 2023
©2023 Cancer Biology & Medicine.

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Return