Research on the Characteristics and Regularity of Evacuation in Tunnel Emergency Rescue Station at High Altitude

In order to obtain the characteristics and regularity of personnel evacuation in extra-long railway tunnel emergency rescue station at high altitude, considering factors such as high altitude environment, panic psychology, age and gender composition of personnel and train structure, the Pathfinder personnel evacuation simulation technology was used, the change rule of personnel evacuation speed with altitude and its correction relationship is studied. The variation rules of key parameters such as personnel evacuation time under the coupling changes of various structural parameters in emergency rescue stations at different altitudes are analyzed. The results show that: 1) As the altitude increases, the evacuation speed decreases gradually. When the altitude increases from 1km to 5km, the mean altitude correction coefficient α₁ of evacuation speed decreases from 1 to 0.616; (2) With the increase of psychological pressure, the evacuation speed is accelerated to varying degrees, and the panic correction coefficient α₂ of evacuation speed is 1.346; (3) When the altitude is above 3km, the evacuation velocity decreases significantly. Compared with the plain area, the evacuation velocity corresponding to the altitude of 3 km, 4 km and 5 km decreases by about 12%, 23% and 38%, respectively; (4) The higher the altitude, the smaller the width and the larger the distance of the cross passage of the emergency rescue station, the more serious the aggregation phenomenon at the exit, and the lower the evacuation rate; (5) When the altitude is above 3 km, the distance between the evacuation cross passageways of the emergency rescue station should not be greater than 60 m, the spacing should not be more than 50 m when the altitude is 4 km and 5 km, and the width should not be less than 3.5 m.