The Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Groundwater Level in Karst Mountainous Areas of Guiyang

In order to study the dynamic changes and amplitude values of groundwater level in karst mountainous areas, taking the karst mountainous city of Guiyang as an example, selecting daily monitoring data and precipitation data from nine groundwater level dynamic observation points from 2022 to 2023, autocorrelation and cross-correlation analysis are used to analyze the response of groundwater level to precipitation and explore the influence of runoff and drainage conditions and terrain slope on the dynamic changes of groundwater level. The results show that: (1) The groundwater level in the study area is buried at a depth of 1.21~27.68 m, with an annual variation range of 1.54~11.99 m, and there are significant differences in the spatiotemporal distribution of groundwater level dynamics; (2) The relevant analysis results indicate that there is a significant lag in the response of groundwater level to precipitation signals in the study area, with an average lag time of 0~4 days, and it gradually increases from the supply area to the discharge area; (3) The terrain slope is an important factor affecting the amplitude of groundwater level variation in karst mountainous areas. The terrain slope in the study area is positively correlated with the amplitude and variation of groundwater level, with linear goodness of fit (R²) of 0.65 and 0.78, respectively; (4) The depth of groundwater level gradually decreases from the recharge area to the discharge area, and the range of water level changes from the runoff area to the recharge area to the discharge area.