Research on the Influencing Factors of Emergency Evacuation in Underground Stations of Metro Systems

With the continuous development of cities, the convenience of rail transit as a public infrastructure is increasingly prominent. The emergency evacuation capability of underground stations in subway areas is of great significance for the safe, normal, and low-risk operation of urban rail transit. Subway stations are key nodes in rail transit, and due to their mostly underground location, the safe evacuation after an accident during operation is more difficult. In order to develop a more scientific and reasonable subway emergency evacuation plan, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of relevant research on emergency evacuation in underground stations in domestic and foreign subway areas and summarizes the main influencing factors of emergency evacuation in underground stations. Due to the multi-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary issues involved in evacuation in underground spaces, the paper discusses and summarizes the aspects of personnel behavior, subway station facilities, and subway station disasters. By comparing the research on emergency evacuation in subway stations by different scholars at home and abroad, combined with the three elements of human, machine, and environment, this paper proposes existing research problems and solution strategies, which have good reference value for the formulation of emergency plans for underground stations in subway areas in the future.