Applications of in-situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy based on rough metal electrodes in solid-liquid interface

In-situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy measures the relationship between the Raman spectrum signal and the electrode's potential or current intensity, by utilizing the scattering phenomenon of the substance molecules induced by the incident light. It can provide molecular-level structural information about the electrode's surface(interface). This technology enables the acquisition of molecular vibrational information and real-time monitoring of structural information related to chemical reactions at the electrochemical interface, making it widely applicable in the field of material interface characterization. Starting from the principle of in-situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy, this paper comprehensively describes the progress of in situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy based on rough metal electrodes in solid-liquid interface analysis, such as molecular adsorption, oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution, and oxygen reduction reaction. Furthermore, this paper explores the relationship between the interface structure, reaction processes, catalytic intermediates, and the Raman signal intensity. The catalytic process reaction mechanism and the catalytic mechanism of the catalytic material were presented. Lastly, an outlook was provided on the scientific challenges pertaining to insitu electrochemical Raman spectroscopy at solid-liquid interfaces in the subsequent phase.