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Basic Research | Open Access

Protective effects of zingerone on the retina in diabetic rats

Bahadir Utlu1( ), Betül Dertsiz Kozan2, Serkan Yildirim3
Ophthalmology, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum 25150, Türkiye
Ophthalmology, Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır 0021, Türkiye
Pathology, Atatürk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
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Abstract

AIM

To investigate the effects of zingerone (ZO) on the retina in diabetic rats.

METHODS

A total of 70 rats were randomly selected and divided into seven groups [diabetic group (Dm+; n=10), diabetic+metformin group (Dm+Met; n=10), diabetic+ZO25 group (Dm+ZO25; n=10), diabetic+ZO50 group (Dm+ZO50; n=10), diabetic+metformin group+ZO 50 Group (Dm+Met+ZO50; n=10)]. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and metformin and two different doses of ZO were administered via gavage. Retinal tissues were evaluated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses.

RESULTS

In diabetic rats, severe retinal inflammation, tissue necrosis, and increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression were observed. ZO administration reduced these effects in a dose-dependent manner. Protective effects of metformin alone were limited, and no synergistic benefit was observed in ZO+Met groups. Administration of 50 mg/kg ZO to non-diabetic rats caused no retinal toxicity. Additionally, elevated 8-OHdG and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) expressions in diabetic retinopathy models were significantly reduced by ZO treatment.

CONCLUSION

ZO can markedly reduce the pathological effects of the retina in a diabetic rat model.

Keywords

zingeroneretinadiabetic retinopathyrat

References

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International Journal of Ophthalmology
Volume 19 Issue 3,
March 2026
Pages 455-461
DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2026.03.04

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Utlu B, Dertsiz Kozan B, Yildirim S. Protective effects of zingerone on the retina in diabetic rats. International Journal of Ophthalmology, 2026, 19(3): 455-461. https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2026.03.04

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Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 16 September 2025
Published: 18 March 2026
© 2026 International Journal of Ophthalmology Press

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).