Systematic Review on Renewable-dominated Hydrogen-blended Integrated Gas-electricity Systems: Modeling, Operation, and Control

The increasing integration of electricity, gas, and hydrogen systems, spurred by blending green hydrogen into existing natural gas pipelines, is paving the way for a future dominated by renewable energy. However, the integration poses significant challenges for efficient, safe operation across varying hydrogen penetration levels. This paper conducts a systematic review of the literature on hydrogen-blended integrated gas-electricity systems with a focus on modeling, optimization, and control technologies. First, key technologies and international demonstration projects are introduced to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state and development trends in HIGES. Then, numerical modeling and solution methods are summarized, along with their application scenarios, thereby serving as a theoretical foundation for quantitative research. Next, optimization under normal operating conditions for the multi-entity integrated system is reviewed, with explorations into enhancing economic and effective operation through scheduling, planning, and market mechanisms. Research advances in security analysis and control technologies for fault-state scenarios are reviewed to address the complex operating characteristics. Finally, four pivotal research directions are highlighted.