Heat Pumps in Denmark: Current Situation in Providing Frequency Control Ancillary Services

Menglin Zhang; Qiuwei Wu; Theis Bo Harild Rasmussen; Xiaodong Yang; Jinyu Wen

doi:10.17775/CSEEJPES.2020.06070

CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022, 8(3): 769-779 https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2020.06070

Open Access | Issue | Published: 10 September 2021

Heat Pumps in Denmark: Current Situation in Providing Frequency Control Ancillary Services

Show Author's Information Hide Author's Information Menglin Zhang, Qiuwei Wu(

), Theis Bo Harild Rasmussen, Xiaodong Yang, Jinyu Wen

Technical University of Denmark, Department of Electrical Engineering, Centre for Electric Power and Energy, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Keywords:

Danish energy system, frequency control ancillary service, individual heat pumps, integrated electricity and heat system, large-scale heat pumps, power to heat

Cite this article:

Zhang M, Wu Q, Rasmussen TBH, et al. Heat Pumps in Denmark: Current Situation in Providing Frequency Control Ancillary Services. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2022, 8(3): 769-779. https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2020.06070

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Abstract Full text About this article

Abstract

The Danish government set an ambitious goal to achieve a fully renewable-based energy system by 2050. In this context, the integrated electricity and heating system is undergoing rapid development in Denmark as a promising way to accommodate the ever-growing renewable energy sources (RESs). The electric heat pumps (HPs), coupled with the power and heat sectors, can propagate the flexibility on the heat consumer side to the power system operations, playing an important role of improving system flexibility and balancing the variability of the RES. In this paper, the current development situation of HPs in Denmark is analyzed, including both the large-scale HPs in the district heating system and individual HPs on the residential side. The possibility of using HPs to provide frequency control ancillary service (FCAS) is analyzed according to the market and technical requirements of the FCAS in the Danish transmission system and experimental results of representative demonstration projects of HPs. A comprehensive analysis of the advantages, barriers, future prospects, and challenges for using HPs to provide the FCAS are carried out from the perspectives of different entities.

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Heat Pumps in Denmark: Current Situation in Providing Frequency Control Ancillary Services

Show Author's information Hide Author's Information Menglin Zhang, Qiuwei Wu(

), Theis Bo Harild Rasmussen, Xiaodong Yang, Jinyu Wen

Technical University of Denmark, Department of Electrical Engineering, Centre for Electric Power and Energy, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Abstract

Keywords: Danish energy system, frequency control ancillary service, individual heat pumps, integrated electricity and heat system, large-scale heat pumps, power to heat

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Received: 13 November 2020

Revised: 23 February 2021

Accepted: 10 June 2021

Published: 10 September 2021

Issue date: May 2022

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported in part by the Innovationsfond, Denmark, through the project Using flexible district heating with heat pumps for integrated electricity and heat dispatch with renewables (HEAT4RES) (8087-00003 A), and in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology, China under the project (2018YFE0106600).