Journal Home > Volume 8 , Issue 4
CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022, 8(4): 1013-1028 https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2019.03330
Open Access | Issue | Published: 20 November 2020

Assessment of Cross-coupling Effects in PV String-integrated-converters with P&O MPPT Algorithm Under Various Partial Shading Patterns

Show Author's Information Suneel Raju Pendem,  Suresh Mikkili ( )
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Goa, Ponda 403401, India
Keywords:
Cross-coupling effects, mismatching power loss, partial shading conditions (PSCs), PV-central-inverter architecture, PV-D-MPPT architecture, S-I-Cs series configuration
Cite this article:
Pendem SR, Mikkili S. Assessment of Cross-coupling Effects in PV String-integrated-converters with P&O MPPT Algorithm Under Various Partial Shading Patterns. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2022, 8(4): 1013-1028. https://doi.org/10.17775/CSEEJPES.2019.03330
Download citation
EndNote(RIS)
BibTeX

544

Views

7

Downloads

Citations

9

Crossref

N/A

WoS

14

Scopus

0

CSCD

Abstract Full text About this article

A significant challenge in the progress and development of Building-Integrated-Photovoltaic (B-I-PV) systems is concerned with the extraction of maximum power from PV modules. The PV system architecture is an essential feature to extract the maximum power. The conventional PV-central-inverter architecture consists of various connections among the PV modules, which are sensitive to shading effects and produces mismatching power loss under partial shading conditions (PSCs). Hence, photovoltaic-distributed-maximum power point tracking (PV-D-MPPT) architecture has been proposed to extract the maximum power. In PV-D-MPPT architecture, the output terminals of DC-DC converters are connected either in series or parallel configuration. The main limitation of the series configuration in open-loop MPPT control is the cross-coupling effect. Because of cross-coupling effects, the maximum-power-point (M-P-P) operation of shaded PV modules is lost under PSCs. The lost in M-P-P operation of shaded PV module also affects the unshaded modules M-P-P operation. Under cross-coupling effects, the DC-DC converters are consuming the power instead of delivering to the load. Despite the research activity, there are hardly any papers presenting a clear, comprehensive and mathematical analysis on the existence of cross-couplings in PV string-integrated-converters (S-I-Cs). This article presents a mathematical analysis and also explains the conditions for the existent of cross-coupling effects. The experimental results also validate with the mathematically analysed results. This article also discusses the modeling of the two-diode model of PV module, design of boost type S-I-C, and the Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm implementation.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

Assessment of Cross-coupling Effects in PV String-integrated-converters with P&O MPPT Algorithm Under Various Partial Shading Patterns

Show Author's information Suneel Raju Pendem, Suresh Mikkili ( )
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Goa, Ponda 403401, India

Abstract

A significant challenge in the progress and development of Building-Integrated-Photovoltaic (B-I-PV) systems is concerned with the extraction of maximum power from PV modules. The PV system architecture is an essential feature to extract the maximum power. The conventional PV-central-inverter architecture consists of various connections among the PV modules, which are sensitive to shading effects and produces mismatching power loss under partial shading conditions (PSCs). Hence, photovoltaic-distributed-maximum power point tracking (PV-D-MPPT) architecture has been proposed to extract the maximum power. In PV-D-MPPT architecture, the output terminals of DC-DC converters are connected either in series or parallel configuration. The main limitation of the series configuration in open-loop MPPT control is the cross-coupling effect. Because of cross-coupling effects, the maximum-power-point (M-P-P) operation of shaded PV modules is lost under PSCs. The lost in M-P-P operation of shaded PV module also affects the unshaded modules M-P-P operation. Under cross-coupling effects, the DC-DC converters are consuming the power instead of delivering to the load. Despite the research activity, there are hardly any papers presenting a clear, comprehensive and mathematical analysis on the existence of cross-couplings in PV string-integrated-converters (S-I-Cs). This article presents a mathematical analysis and also explains the conditions for the existent of cross-coupling effects. The experimental results also validate with the mathematically analysed results. This article also discusses the modeling of the two-diode model of PV module, design of boost type S-I-C, and the Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm implementation.

Keywords: Cross-coupling effects, mismatching power loss, partial shading conditions (PSCs), PV-central-inverter architecture, PV-D-MPPT architecture, S-I-Cs series configuration

References(55)

[1]
J. M. Carrasco, L. G. Franquelo, J. T. Bialasiewicz, E. Galvan, R. C. PortilloGuisado, M. A. M. Prats, J. I. Leon, and N. Moreno-Alfonso, “Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: a survey,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1002–1016, Jun. 2006.
DOI Google Scholar
[2]
S. Essakiappan, P. Enjeti, R. S. Balog, and S. Ahmed, “Analysis and mitigation of common mode voltages in photovoltaic power systems,” in Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2011, pp. 28–35.
DOI Google Scholar
[3]
E. Romero-Cadaval, G. Spagnuolo, L. G. Franquelo, C. A. Ramos-Paja, T. Suntio, and W. M. Xiao, “Grid-connected photovoltaic generation plants: components and operation,” IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 6–20, Sep. 2013.
DOI Google Scholar
[4]
S. Kouro, J. I. Leon, D. Vinnikov, and L. G. Franquelo, “Grid-connected photovoltaic systems: An overview of recent research and emerging PV converter technology,” IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 47–61, Mar. 2015.
DOI Google Scholar
[5]
S. R. Pendem, V. V. Katru, and S. Mikkili, “Hybrid PV array configurations for mitigating the mismatching power loss and number of peaks in the output characteristics under various PSCs,” in IECON 2019 -45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2019, pp. 2377–2382.
DOI Google Scholar
[6]
P. K. Bonthagorla and S. Mikkili, “Optimal PV array configuration for extracting maximum power under partial shading conditions by mitigating mismatching power loss,” CSEE Journal Power and Energy Systems, to be published.
Google Scholar
[7]
M. F. N. Tajuddin, M. S. Arif, S. M. Ayob, and Z. Salam, “Perturbative methods for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic (PV) systems: a review,” International Journal of Energy Research., vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 1153–1178, Jul. 2015.
DOI Google Scholar
[8]
B. Subudhi and R. Pradhan, “A comparative study on maximum power point tracking techniques for photovoltaic power systems,” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 89–98, Jan. 2013.
DOI Google Scholar
[9]
B. Bendib, H. Belmili, and F. Krim, “A survey of the most used MPPT methods: Conventional and advanced algorithms applied for photovoltaic systems,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 45, pp. 637–648, May 2015.
DOI Google Scholar
[10]
Z. Salam, J. Ahmed, and B. S. Merugu, “The application of soft computing methods for MPPT of PV system: a technological and status review,” Applied Energy, vol. 107, pp. 135–148, Jul. 2013.
DOI Google Scholar
[11]
T. Jalilzadeh, N. Rostami, E. Babaei, and M. Maalandish, “Non-isolated topology for high step-up DC-DC converters,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, to be published.
Google Scholar
[12]
W. H. Li and X. N. He, “Review of nonisolated high-step-up DC/DC converters in photovoltaic grid-connected applications,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 1239–1250, Apr. 2011.
DOI Google Scholar
[13]
M. R. Al-Soeidat, H. Aljarajreh, H. A. Khawaldeh, D. D. C. Lu, and J. G. Zhu, “A reconfigurable three-port DC-DC converter for integrated PV-battery system,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 3423–3433, Dec. 2020.
DOI Google Scholar
[14]
A. A. A. Freitas, F. L. Tofoli, E. M. Sá Júnior, S. Daher, and F. L. M. Antunes, “High-voltage gain DC-DC boost converter with coupled inductors for photovoltaic systems,” IET Power Electronics, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 1885–1892, Oct. 2015.
DOI Google Scholar
[15]
Q. Li and P. Wolfs, “A review of the single phase photovoltaic module integrated converter topologies with three different DC link configurations,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1320–1333, May 2008.
DOI Google Scholar
[16]
N. H. Khan, M. Forouzesh, Y. P. Siwakoti, L. Li, T. Kerekes, and F. Blaabjerg, “Transformerless inverter topologies for single-phase photovoltaic systems: A comparative review,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 805–835, Mar. 2020.
DOI Google Scholar
[17]
K. K. Gupta, A. Ranjan, P. Bhatnagar, L. K. Sahu, and S. Jain, “Multilevel inverter topologies with reduced device count: a review,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 135–151, Jan. 2016.
DOI Google Scholar
[18]
L. Hassaine, E. OLias, J. Quintero, and V. Salas, “Overview of power inverter topologies and control structures for grid connected photovoltaic systems,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 30, pp. 796–807, Feb. 2014.
DOI Google Scholar
[19]
A. Bag, B. Subudhi, and P. K. Ray, “A combined reinforcement learning and sliding mode control scheme for grid integration of a PV system,” CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 498–506, Dec. 2019.
Google Scholar
[20]
F. J. Lin, K. C. Lu, and T. H. Ke, “Probabilistic wavelet fuzzy neural network based reactive power control for grid-connected three-phase PV system during grid faults,” Renewable Energy, vol. 92, pp. 437–449, Jul. 2016.
DOI Google Scholar
[21]
P. M. Almeida, P. G. Barbosa, J. G. Oliveira, J. L. Duarte, and P. F. Ribeiro, “Digital proportional multi-resonant current controller for improving grid-connected photovoltaic systems,” Renewable Energy, vol. 76, pp. 662–669, Apr. 2015.
DOI Google Scholar
[22]
S. R. Pendem and S. Mikkili, “Modeling, simulation, and performance analysis of PV array configurations (series, series-parallel, bridge-linked, and honey-comb) to harvest maximum power under various partial shading conditions,” International Journal of Green Energy, vol. 15, no. 13, pp. 795–812, Oct. 2018.
DOI Google Scholar
[23]
B. I. Rani, G. S. Ilango, and C. Nagamani, “Enhanced power generation from PV array under partial shading conditions by shade dispersion using Su Do Ku configuration,” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 594–601, Jul. 2013.
DOI Google Scholar
[24]
C. Olalla, C. Deline, and D. Maksimovic, “Performance of mismatched PV systems with submodule integrated converters,” IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 396–404, Jan. 2014.
DOI Google Scholar
[25]
H. Y. Zheng, S. H. Li, R. Challoo, and J. Proano, “Shading and bypass diode impacts to energy extraction of PV arrays under different converter configurations,” Renewable Energy, vol. 68, pp. 58–66, 2014.
DOI Google Scholar
[26]
B. Bendib, H. Belmili, and F. Krim, “A survey of the most used MPPT methods: Conventional and advanced algorithms applied for photovoltaic systems,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 45, pp. 637–648, May 2015.
DOI Google Scholar
[27]
M. Dhimish and G. Badran, “Current limiter circuit to avoid photovoltaic mismatch conditions including hot-spots and shading,” Renewable Energy, vol. 145, pp. 2201–2216, Jan. 2020.
DOI Google Scholar
[28]
S. Mohanty, B. Subudhi, and P. K. Ray, “A new MPPT design using grey wolf optimization technique for photovoltaic system under partial shading conditions,” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 181–188, Jan. 2016.
DOI Google Scholar
[29]
P. C. Cheng, B. R. Peng, Y. H. Liu, Y. S. Cheng, and J. W. Huang, “Optimization of a fuzzy-logic-control-based MPPT algorithm using the particle swarm optimization technique,” Energies, vol. 8, no. 6, 5338–5360, Jun. 2015.
DOI Google Scholar
[30]
K. Ishaque, Z. Salam, M. Amjad, and S. Mekhilef, “An improved particle swarm optimization (PSO)–based MPPT for PV with reduced steady-state oscillation,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 3627–3638, Aug. 2012.
DOI Google Scholar
[31]
P. Manganiello, M. Ricco, G. Petrone, E. Monmasson, and G. Spagnuolo, “Optimization of perturbative PV MPPT methods through online system identification,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 6812–6821, Dec. 2014.
DOI Google Scholar
[32]
D. Shmilovitz and Y. Levron, “Distributed maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic systems—emerging architectures and control methods,” Automatika, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 142–155, Apr. 2012.
DOI Google Scholar
[33]
G. Petrone, C. A. Ramos-Paja, G. Spagnuolo, and M. Vitelli, “Granular control of photovoltaic arrays by means of a multi-output maximum power point tracking algorithm,” Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 918–932, Aug. 2013.
DOI Google Scholar
[34]
J. Huusari and T. Suntio, “Interfacing constraints of distributed maximum power point tracking converters in photovoltaic applications,” in Proceedings of the 15th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Novi Sad, Serbia, 2012, pp. DS3d.1-1–DS3d.1-7.
DOI Google Scholar
[35]
S. R. Pendem, S. Mikkili, and P. K. Bonthagorla, “PV distributed-MPP tracking: total-cross-tied configuration of string-integrated-converters to extract the maximum power under various PSCs,” IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1046–1057, Mar. 2020.
DOI Google Scholar
[36]
J. Huusari and T. Suntio, “Distributed MPP-tracking: Cross-coupling effects in series and parallel connected DC/DC converters,” in Proceedings of the 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 2012, pp. 3103–3109.
Google Scholar
[37]
J. Huusari and T. Suntio, “Origin of cross-coupling effects in distributed DC-DC converters in photovoltaic applications,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 4625–4635, Oct. 2013.
DOI Google Scholar
[38]
H. S. Kim, J. H. Kim, B. D. Min, D. W. Yoo, and H. J. Kim, “A highly efficient PV system using a series connection of DC-DC converter output with a photovoltaic panel,” Renewable Energy, vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 2432–2436, Nov. 2009.
DOI Google Scholar
[39]
A. I. Bratcu, I. Munteanu, S. Bacha, D. Picault, and B. Raison, “Cascaded DC–DC converter photovoltaic systems: Power optimization issues,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 403–411, Feb. 2011.
DOI Google Scholar
[40]
Z. G. Liang, R. Guo, J. Li, and A. Q. Huang, “A high-efficiency PV module-integrated DC/DC converter for PV energy harvest in FREEDM systems,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 897–909, Mar. 2011.
DOI Google Scholar
[41]
A. Bidram, A. Davoudi, and R. S. Balog, “Control and circuit techniques to mitigate partial shading effects in photovoltaic arrays,” IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 532–546, Oct. 2012.
DOI Google Scholar
[42]
H. J. Bergveld, D. Büthker, C. Castello, T. Doorn, A. de Jong, R. van Otten, and K. de Waal, “Module-level DC/DC conversion for photovoltaic systems: the delta-conversion concept,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 2005–2013, Apr. 2013.
DOI Google Scholar
[43]
M. Kasper, D. Bortis, and J. W. Kolar, “Classification and comparative evaluation of PV panel-integrated DC–DC converter concepts,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 2511–2526, May 2014.
DOI Google Scholar
[44]
C. W. Chen, K. H. Chen, and Y. M. Chen, “Modeling and controller design of an autonomous PV module for DMPPT PV systems,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 4723–4732, Sep. 2014.
DOI Google Scholar
[45]
A. D. Grasso, S. Pennisi, M. Ragusa, G. M. Tina, and C. Ventura, “Performance evaluation of a multistring photovoltaic module with distributed DC-DC converters,” IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 935–942, Nov. 2015.
DOI Google Scholar
[46]
F. Wang, T. H. Zhu, F. Zhuo, H. Yi, S. H. Shi, and X. T. Zhang, “Analysis and Optimization of Flexible MCPT Strategy in Submodule PV Application,” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 249–257, Jan. 2017.
DOI Google Scholar
[47]
D. Vinnikov, A. Chub, E. Liivik, and F. Blaabjerg, “Magnetically integrated high step-up resonant DC-DC converter for distributed photovoltaic systems,” in Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2017, pp. 7691–7697.
DOI Google Scholar
[48]
A. Moghadasi, A. Sargolzaei, A. Anzalchi, M. Moghaddami, A. Khalilnejad, and A. Sarwat, “A model predictive power control approach for a three-phase single-stage grid-tied PV module-integrated converter,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 1823–1831, Mar. /Apr. 2018.
DOI Google Scholar
[49]
D. Vinnikov, A. Chub, E. Liivik, R. Kosenko, and O. Korkh, “Solar optiverter-a novel hybrid approach to the photovoltaic module level power electronics,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 3869–3880, May 2019.
DOI Google Scholar
[50]
S. R. Pendem and S. Mikkili, “Modelling and performance assessment of PV array topologies under partial shading conditions to mitigate the mismatching power losses,” Solar Energy, vol. 160, pp. 303–321, Jan. 2018.
DOI Google Scholar
[51]
A. Orioli, “An accurate one-diode model suited to represent the current-voltage characteristics of crystalline and thin-film photovoltaic modules,” Renewable Energy, vol. 145, pp. 725–743, Jan. 2020.
DOI Google Scholar
[52]
K. Ishaque, Z. Salam, and H. Taheri, “Accurate MATLAB Simulink PV system simulator based on a two-diode model,” Journal of Power Electronics, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 179–187, Mar. 2011.
DOI Google Scholar
[53]
https://www.soldonsun.com/Pr/Solar/Mod/Specs/SP-62RU2.pdf.
DOI
[54]
W. D. Xiao, N. Ozog, and W. G. Dunford, “Topology study of photovoltaic interface for maximum power point tracking,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1696–1704, Jun. 2007.
DOI Google Scholar
[55]
M. Killi and S. Samanta, “Modified perturb and observe MPPT algorithm for drift avoidance in photovoltaic systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 9, pp. 5549–5559, Sep. 2015.
Google Scholar
Publication history
Copyright
Rights and permissions

Publication history

Received: 20 December 2019
Revised: 03 April 2020
Accepted: 24 June 2020
Published: 20 November 2020
Issue date: July 2022

Copyright

© 2019 CSEE

Rights and permissions

Return