Fire smoke spread characteristics in a mining enterprise logistics park based on fire dynamics simulation

Mining enterprise logistics parks serve the functions of mineral storage, equipment maintenance, and material transportation. Their complex layout, diverse material types, and concentrated operations collectively contribute to a high risk of fire accidents. Nevertheless, systematic studies on fire scenario simulations and smoke spread characteristics in mining enterprise logistics parks remain scarce, particularly detailed numerical simulations that reflect actual operating conditions.

Taking the logistics park of a certain mining enterprise as the research object, this paper establishes a three-dimensional geometric model of the park in the fire simulation software PyroSim according to the structural features of the buildings it contains. The model measures 84 m × 55 m × 10 m, and the grid size is 0.4 m × 0.4 m × 0.4 m. Three types of fire scenarios are designed by varying the fire source location, ambient wind speed, and smoke exhaust velocity, and three working conditions are set for each scenario to carry out Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) simulations.

The patterns of fire development and smoke spread in the logistics park under the different fire scenarios are obtained as follows: ① The fire field environment is most adverse when the fire source lies at the warehouse center, where the affected area is largest, and the hazard level is highest. ② An ambient wind speed of 3 m/s produces visibility, temperature, CO concentration, and fire spread conditions favorable for personnel evacuation. In contrast, excessively low or high wind speeds aggravate the fire hazard and fail to achieve the optimal mitigation effect. ③ Mechanical smoke exhaust improves visibility and lowers temperature and CO concentration during the early fire stage, yet it may exacerbate the fire hazard during the late stage. Among the cases examined, a smoke exhaust velocity of 2 m/s produces the most pronounced overall adverse effect. It yields the poorest visibility, temperature, and CO concentration conditions, and therefore the least favorable environment for escape.

These findings provide a theoretical basis and technical support for mining enterprises seeking to formulate fire emergency plans and personnel rescue schemes and to establish rigorous fire prevention mechanisms for their logistics parks. They are of considerable value for reducing fire accidents, maintaining orderly operation, and safeguarding personnel and property in logistics parks.