Optimized Scheduling of Multiple Virtual Power Plants Considering Integrated Demand Response

A virtual power plant (VPP) serves as a key platform for integrating distributed energy resources, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting the absorption of renewable energy. However, a single VPP has limited regulation capacity and competitiveness, whereas the coordinated operation of multiple VPPs offers greater economic and low-carbon advantages. Based on this, this paper proposes an optimal dispatch method for multiple VPPs that considers integrated demand response and multi-energy interactions, and employs an improved Shapley value for benefit distribution. Firstly, a collaborative dispatch model for multiple VPPs incorporating integrated demand response and energy interactions is established. By guiding load changes through demand response, the model achieves peak shaving and valley filling. Through energy interactions among multiple VPPs, energy resources on the supply side are fully utilized, improving system economics. Secondly, in the benefit distribution process, a three-dimensional evaluation index system—covering economic, energy transaction, and environmental aspects—is introduced to enhance the traditional Shapley value method, providing a more comprehensive basis for benefit allocation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model not only reduces operating costs and carbon emissions but also quantifies the contributions of each VPP member through multi-dimensional indicators, thereby more comprehensively reflecting their actual input.