Optimization of urban energy system development plans for controlling peak emissions

China seeks to reach peak emissions in 2030 and to be carbon neutral in 2060. All industries and regions in China need to develop low-carbon energy system development plans according to their own resources and development expectations to reduce the costs of carbon emission reductions. This paper presents an energy system development planning model based on the superstructure modeling method for planning how to control the emission peak goal. This model starts with the regional energy system structure and infrastructure. The model then considers various energy supply, transformation, transmission, and storage methods and possible changes in consumption technologies during different periods to obtain the best low-carbon development path with the optimal total energy system cost. This study then determines the best energy system development path from 2021 to 2035 for a typical city which controlled the peak carbon emissions to 179 million tons and reduced carbon emissions by 150 million tons within 15 years.