Scientific Approaches to Handwritten Electronic Signature Authentication

With the advancement of paperless offices, handwritten electronic signatures have become widely adopted across various sectors, including banking, government affairs, and commerce. These signatures refer to the textual impressions created by fngers or stylus pens on electronic screens, such as smartphones and digital tablets. Concurrently, dynamic attributes like writing duration, stroke sequence, and pen pressure are captured and stored electronically on computers. From an implementation perspective, handwritten electronic signatures fall within the broader category of electronic signatures. However, they differ from digital signatures in terms of implementation technology, presentation format, verification methods, and technological requirements. Given the distinct verification methodologies, handwritten electronic signatures should not be subject to the authentication framework outlined in The Electronic Signature Law. Instead, their unique handwritten characteristics should be analyzed from a morphological angle. Nevertheless, shifts in writing devices and mediums have diminished certain static characteristics, often resulting in imperfections in the identification process. This complexity is further compounded by difficulties in leveraging dynamic features for identification, challenges in distinguishing copied and pasted handwriting, and a scarcity of experienced authenticators. Consequently, during the identification process, it is crucial to: collect comparable original specimens, specify the writing devices used, gather samples from identical or similar sources as the specimens, and utilize identification expertise to identify stable traits with individual variations. By adopting a comprehensive quantitative analysis approach and corroborating with electronic data, the accuracy of identification conclusions can be significantly enhanced.