Modeling and Influencing Factor Analysis of Wake-Induced Electromagnetic Fields of Underwater Unmanned Vehicles

Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) are characterized by high maneuverability and can be integrated with traditional geophysical methods to achieve efficient detection based on moving platforms. However, the moving vehicle continuously generates hydrodynamic wake-induced electromagnetic disturbances over a considerable area behind it. We systematically study the distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic field in the wake of an underwater vehicle from the perspective of multi-physics field coupling. Based on electromagnetic field theory and fluid dynamics equations, a coupled model encompassing both electromagnetic and flow fields is established. Numerical simulations are employed to analyze the characteristics of electromagnetic disturbances under different motion conditions. The results indicate that non-negligible wake-induced electromagnetic fields are generated behind the vehicle, and the velocity significantly influences the intensity distribution of the induced electromagnetic fields in the wake region. This holds important implications for noise reduction in underwater vehicles and provides a crucial research foundation for the design of towed detection platforms.