Numerical Simulation Analysis of Wave Attenuationand Force on Snake-Curved Upright Submerged Breakwater

To address the issues of wave dissipation and stability when gravity-based or piled submerged breakwaters are deployed on soft soil foundations, this paper proposes a snake-curved submerged breakwater structure that balances wave dissipation, stability, and material savings. A numerical wave flume model was established using Flow 3D software to study the interaction between waves and the snake-curved submerged breakwater, and to examine its wave dissipation characteristics and structural performance. The simulation results show that the structure's size affects its wave dissipation characteristics. When the crest width is smaller than half the wavelength of the incident wave, as the width increases, the transmission coefficient of the snake-curved breakwater initially increases and then decreases. However, increasing the crest width has limited effect on enhancing energy dissipation. As the curvature increases, the transmission coefficient decreases first and then increases. Excessive curvature may lead to scouring pits and concentrated wave pressure, reducing the structural stability. Additionally, the horizontal wave force on the snake-curved breakwater is significantly smaller than that on a rectangular breakwater, especially when the crest width is large, leading to better load performance. However, considering economic factors, appropriately reducing the crest width and optimizing the curvature can also improve energy dissipation and reduce structural load.