Research Progress of High Temperature Absorbing Materials

the development of radar detection technology puts forward higher stealth requirements for the hot-end components of weapons and equipment, and high-temperature absorbing composite materials are the key materials to solve the problem of radar stealth, which have important application prospects and strategic significance. Therefore, domestic and foreign researchers have conducted a lot of research on absorbing materials. This paper introduces the different absorption principles of electromagnetic waves, including magnetic loss type, dielectric loss type and electric loss type. The latest research progress of common high-temperature absorbing materials such as carbon-based, metal-based, ternary layered compounds and ceramic-based absorbing composites is reviewed. Carbon-based materials (graphite, carbon black, graphene, carbon nanotubes, etc.) mostly use composite high temperature resistant materials to exert their absorbing properties and solve the problem of high temperature oxidation. Metal oxide materials (ZnO, MnO₂, Fe₃O₄, etc.) increase the interfacial polarization loss by adjusting the microstructure of the material. Ternary layered compound materials (mainly Ti₃SiC₂) are mainly used in different thermal stability matrices such as Al₂O₃ and cordierite to solve the problems of purity and high temperature oxidation. Due to the excellent thermal stability, Ceramic absorbing materials have become the most studied category at relatively high temperatures. This paper summarizes the latest research progress of SiC binary and SiCN, SiOC, SiBCN multi-ceramic absorbing materials. SiC binary absorbing materials mostly use element doping and microstructure control to improve the absorbing properties. SiCN ternary absorbing materials have excellent dielectric properties. At present, most of the research adopts the method of composite magnetic particles (Fe, Co, Ni). SiOC ternary absorbing materials have low cost and good electrical conductivity. Researchers have further developed their absorbing properties by adding ultra-high temperature ceramics, BN and other second-phase components. The measures to improve the absorbing properties of SiBCN quaternary absorbing materials mainly include material compounding (high dielectric constant materials or transition metals) and precursor molecular structure adjustment. Finally, the development trend of high temperature absorbing composites is prospected from the aspects of absorbing bandwidth, temperature resistance and multi-frequency compatible stealth, aiming to provide new research ideas for the development of new absorbing materials in the future.