Operation and optimization of rural land system towards urban-rural integration

Optimizing rural land systems is pivotal for advancing urban-rural integration through enhanced resource allocation and sustainable development. Drawing on systems science theories, this study systematically examines the conceptual framework, structural composition, and functional dynamics of rural land systems. The analysis reveals three key findings: ① Rural land systems represent natural-artificial composite system characterized by coordinated multi-functional utilization of industrial, residential, and ecological protection lands. These systems integrate geographical environments, land use patterns, and derived socioeconomic phenomena to fulfill economic, social, and ecological functions through adaptive adjustments. ② System operations demonstrate dynamic interactions among geographical factors, land use practices, and socioeconomic drivers, exhibiting structural tensions between competitive repulsion and equilibrium maintenance under external environmental pressures. ③ A novel "elements-structure-functions" theoretical mechanism is proposed, establishing a logical framework that connects land resource governance with urban-rural integration objectives. The optimization pathway emphasizes four synergistic mechanisms: technical regulation for spatial planning precision, administrative constraints for development control, economic incentives for value appreciation, and legal framework for institutional support. These strategies collectively enable rational resource allocation, sustainable value enhancement, and harmonious human-land relationships in rural revitalization contexts. The findings provide both theoretical advancements in land system science and practical guidance for addressing contemporary challenges in rural land utilization.