Application of soil heavy metal pollution remediation technology: Current status and perspectives

Human activities such as mining, metal smelting, and chemical production have imported a large amount of heavy metals into the soil, which leads to a decline in soil quality and functional degradation. Soil heavy metal pollution remediation has become one of the important research hotspots at present. However, affected by a variety of factors such as pollution level, pollution range, and repair cost, there are still some shortcomings in the practical application of various repair technologies. This paper summarizes the research trends of existing soil heavy metal remediation technologies of remediation mechanism, advantages and disadvantages, and application status, and expounds on the development prospects of different technologies. The advantages of physical remediation of cycle time and efficiency hardly compensate for the disadvantages of its application of cost and damage to the soil. The lasting passivation of heavy metals by chemical stabilization needs long-term monitoring. The application scenarios and strengthening measures for bioremediation still need to be improved. Meanwhile, this study indicates that the combination of different remediation technologies can significantly improve the remediation efficiency of heavy metal-contaminated soil and reduce energy consumption, which has better development potential and application prospects. In addition, this study puts forward the prospect of the research direction of heavy metal remediation technology, intending to provide some theoretical basis for soil pollution control and prevention.