Study on temporal and spatial evolution pattern of land resources carrying capacity in Shaanxi Province

Based on the data of population, cultivated land and grain yield in Shaanxi Province from 1949 to 2018, taking the relationship between human and grain as the main line, this paper constructs the cultivated land pressure analysis model and the evaluation model of land resource carrying capacity, systematically studies the structural characteristics of cultivated land, the change of grain production and the coordinated change of population distribution in Shaanxi Province in recent 70 years from the two dimensions of space and time, and studies the temporal and spatial evolution pattern of land resource carrying capacity. The results showed that: ① during the research period of recent 70 years, the cultivated land area showed a decreasing trend, accounting for 31.52% of the cultivated land area in 1949. In the recent 20 years, the number of cultivated land was stable at the level of 293.33 × 10⁴ hm², the fluctuation of cultivated land pressure was gradually stable, the grain crop ratio was gradually reduced, and the per capita cultivated land area was 0.078 hm², which was lower than the national average of 0.098 hm²; ② The carrying capacity of land resources presents three fluctuation cycles: growth period from 1949 to 1998, recovery period from 1999 to 2011 and stable period from 2012 to 2018; ③ From the analysis of spatial pattern, the overload degree of human food relationship in Xi’an, Ankang, Shangluo and other cities gradually intensifies with time, Baoji and Xianyang are in a tight equilibrium state of critical overload, and the human food relationship in Yulin and Weinan is developing well. Generally speaking, the overall development trend of land resources carrying capacity in Shaanxi Province is good, and the land resources carrying capacity shows an overall growth trend. The adjustment of population, agricultural production level and planting structure leads to the fluctuation of carrying level, but the land production and carrying capacity are not weakened.