Epidemiological survey on functional constipation among military personnel stationed in high-altitude special environments and formulation of its comprehensive prevention and control strategies

To investigate the incidence of functional constipation (FC) in troops stationed at plateau, to explore the rules and features of FC occurring in high altitude, and to analyze related factors and develop prevention and treatment measures.

A survey was carried out during May and August 2024 with Rome Ⅲ diagnostic criteria, symptom checklist-90(SCL-90) and self-designed questionnaires on the soldiers who had been stationed in the highland area (5100 m) for more than 6 months subjected with stratified cluster random sampling. A total of 770 questionnaires were distributed, and 765 ones were recovered. These questionnaires mainly included a retrospective survey on constipation symptoms, and 9 related factors were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify the independent influencing factors for FC.

Totally 765 valid questionnaires were collected, and the incidence of FC was 15.8%. Logistic regression analysis showed that lack of dietary fiber (OR=4.347, 95%CI: 2.749 to 6.873), anxiety (OR=3.625, 95%CI: 2.279 to 5.766), frequent suppression of defecation (OR=2.869, 95%CI: 1.846 to 4.458), insufficient oxygen intake (OR=2.664, 95%CI: 1.712 to 4.145) and lack of exercise (OR=2.346, 95%CI: 1.429 to 3.849) were the potential risk factors for FC (P < 0.01).

The incidence of FC is 15.8% among high-altitude officers and soldiers, and its main risk factors are lack of dietary fiber, anxiety, frequent restraint of defecation, insufficient oxygen intake, and lack of exercise.

High priority should be given to the issue of FC among plateaustationed troops. Following comprehensive interventions are recommended: ① Improve environmental and managerial conditions by optimizing accommodation facilities, daily schedules, and ensuring adequate time of oxygen supply; ② Promote healthy behaviors through dietary restructuring, increased fiber and water intake, scientifically planned physical activities, and avoidance of prolonged sitting and deliberate suppression of bowel movements; ③ Strengthen psychological support by implementing mental health counseling to alleviate anxiety; ④ Standardize medical interventions with appropriate pharmacological assistance when necessary. Through multidimensional and systematic health management, the incidence of functional constipation can be effectively reduced, thereby safeguarding both the physical and mental well-being of the troops and maintaining combat readiness.