Numerical study on collision characteristics of multifunctional inclined railings on highway bridges

To address traffic safety concerns on highway bridge, this study investigated the anti-collision performance of inclined railings using LS-DYNA finite element software, with heavy trucks as the collision subject. The effects of railing inclination angle, thickness, and material on protective performance were systematically analyzed. Results indicate that the inclination angle significantly influences performance: Larger angles increase collision forces, while angles exceeding 10° compromise the railing's guidance function, though a 10° inclination remains effective. Guidance performance deteriorates notably when railing thickness reaches 3 mm or 4 mm. Aluminum alloy railings outperform Q235 steel due to superior rebound deformation, enhancing protection. Although inclined railings effectively improve bridge wind resistance, excessive inclination angles substantially compromise collision protection. Under design parameters of 10° inclination angle and thickness exceeding 4 mm, aluminum alloy railings demonstrate optimal balance between functional requirements.