Analysis on the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of ecological environment sensitivity and landscape distribution pattern of national parks: take Shennongjia National Park as an example

This study aimed to promote the sustainable development of landscape resources, enhance the effectiveness of national park landscape construction, improve and enhance the living environment of residents, and contribute to the construction of ecological civilization in China.

Based on the remote sensing image data of Shennongjia National Park in 2010 and 2020, the aggregation degree, inverse fractal dimension, patch density, vegetation coverage index, ecological suitability and ecological environment type sensitivity were selected as the key indicators. The index analysis method of landscape distribution pattern was used to empirically analyze the ecological environment sensitivity of landscape resources and landscape distribution in Shennongjia National Park.

1) The ranking of the ecological environment sensitivity of scenic resources in Shennongjia National Park was from large to small: human activities, vegetation landscape, topographic conditions, surface water system, comprehensive ecological environment and scenic resources. 2) The overall sensitivity of scenic resources and ecological environment of Shennongjia National Park showed a spatial distribution pattern of high in the middle and low in the surrounding areas, and the sensitivity level was mainly mild. 3) The landscape distribution pattern of scenic resources in Shennongjia National Park had changed significantly, in which the number of patches and Shannon's diversity decreased significantly, while the aggregation index increased.

At present, although the sensitivity of scenic resources and the ecological environment of Shennongjia National Park in China has increased slightly, it still remains in a slightly sensitive state. The relatively flat terrain and frequent human activities are the main reasons for the sensitive ecological environment of scenic resources in Shennongjia National Park. Relevant departments should focus on building digital supervision platforms, innovating ecological product systems, leveraging the power of factor engines, and continuing to practice the concept of sustainable development to enable regional ecological optimization and the sustainability of natural resources, so as to help our economy grow green.